In a conversation at the Faculty Club John Shade (the poet in VN’s novel Pale Fire, 1962) says that one of the four people whom he has been said to resemble is the slapdash disheveled hag who ladles out the mash in the Levin Hall cafeteria - to which Professor Pardon remarks that she looks like Judge Goldsworth (Kinbote's landlord who is on sabbatical in England), especially when he is real mad at the whole world after a good dinner:
Pictures of the King had not infrequently appeared in America during the first months of the Zemblan Revolution. Every now and then some busybody on the campus with a retentive memory, or one of the clubwomen who were always after Shade and his eccentric friend, used to ask me with the inane meaningfulness adopted in such cases if anybody had told me how much I resembled that unfortunate monarch. I would counter with something on the lines of "all Chinese look alike" and change the subject. One day, however, in the lounge of the Faculty Club where I lolled surrounded by a number of my colleagues, I had to put up with a particularly embarrassing onset. A visiting German lecturer from Oxford kept exclaiming, aloud and under his breath, that the resemblance was "absolutely unheard of," and when I negligently observed that all bearded Zemblans resembled one another - and that, in fact, the name Zembla is a corruption not of the Russian zemlya, but of Semblerland, a land of reflections, of "resemblers" - my tormentor said: "Ah, yes, but King Charles wore no beard, and yet it is his very face! I had [he added] the honor of being seated within a few yards of the royal box at a Sport Festival in Onhava which I visited with my wife, who is Swedish, in 1956. We have a photograph of him at home, and her sister knew very well the mother of one of his pages, an interesting woman. Don't you see [almost tugging at Shade's lapel] the astounding similarity of features - of the upper part of the face, and the eyes, yes, the eyes, and the nose bridge?"
"Nay, sir" [said Shade, refolding a leg and slightly rolling in his armchair as wont to do when about to deliver a pronouncement] "there is no resemblance at all. I have seen the King in newsreels, and there is no resemblance. Resemblances are the shadows of differences. Different people see different similarities and similar differences."
Good Netochka, who had been looking singularly uncomfortable during this exchange, remarked in his gentle voice how sad it was to think that such a "sympathetic ruler" had probably perished in prison.
A professor of physics now joined in. He was a so-called Pink, who believed in what so-called Pinks believe in (Progressive Education, the Integrity of anyone spying for Russia, Fall-outs occasioned solely by US-made bombs, the existence in the near past of a McCarthy Era, Soviet achievements including Dr. Zhivago, and so forth): "Your regrets are groundless" [said he]. "That sorry ruler is known to have escaped disguised as a nun; but whatever happens, or has happened to him, cannot interest the Zemblan people. History has denounced him, and that is his epitaph."
Shade: "True, sir. In due time history will have denounced everybody. The King may be dead, or he may be as much alive as you and Kinbote, but let us respect facts. I have it from him [pointing to me] that the widely circulated stuff about the nun is a vulgar pro-Extremist fabrication. The Extremists and their friends invented a lot of nonsense to conceal their discomfiture; but the truth is that the King walked out of the palace, and crossed the mountains, and left the country, not in the black garb of a pale spinster but dressed as an athlete in scarlet wool."
"Strange, strange," said the German visitor, who by some quirk of alderwood ancestry had been alone to catch the eerie note that had throbbed by and was gone.
Shade [smiling and massaging my knee]: "Kings do not die--they only disappear, eh, Charles?"
"Who said that?" asked sharply, as if coming out of a trance, the ignorant, and always suspicious, Head of the English Department.
"Take my own case," continued my dear friend ignoring Mr. H. "I have been said to resemble at least four people: Samuel Johnson; the lovingly reconstructed ancestor of man in the Exton Museum; and two local characters, one being the slapdash disheveled hag who ladles out the mash in the Levin Hall cafeteria."
"The third in the witch row," I precised quaintly, and everybody laughed.
"I would rather say," remarked Mr. Pardon--American History--"that she looks like Judge Goldsworth" ("One of us," interposed Shade inclining his head), "especially when he is real mad at the whole world after a good dinner."
"I heard," hastily began Netochka, "that the Goldsworths are having a wonderful time--"
"What a pity I cannot prove my point," muttered the tenacious German visitor. "If only there was a picture here. Couldn't there be somewhere--"
"Sure," said young Emerald and left his seat.
Professor Pardon now spoke to me: "I was under the impression that you were born in Russia, and that your name was a kind of anagram of Botkin or Botkine?"
Kinbote: "You are confusing me with some refugee from Nova Zembla [sarcastically stressing the "Nova"].
"Didn't you tell me, Charles, that kinbote means regicide in your language?" asked my dear Shade.
"Yes, a king's destroyer," I said (longing to explain that a king who sinks his identity in the mirror of exile is in a sense just that).
Shade [addressing the German visitor]: "Professor Kinbote is the author of a remarkable book on surnames. I believe [to me] there exists an English translation?"
"Oxford, 1956," I replied.
"You do know Russian, though?" said Pardon. "I think I heard you, the other day, talking to--what's his name--oh, my goodness" [laboriously composing his lips].
Shade: "Sir, we all find it difficult to attack that name" [laughing].
Professor Hurley: "Think of the French word for 'tire': punoo."
Shade: "Why, sir, I am afraid you have only punctured the difficulty" [laughing uproariously].
"Flatman," quipped I. "Yes," I went on, turning to Pardon, "I certainly do speak Russian. You see, it was the fashionable language par excellence, much more so than French, among the nobles of Zembla at least, and at its court. Today, of course, all this has changed. It is now the lower classes who are forcibly taught to speak Russian."
"Aren't we, too trying to teach Russian in our schools?" said Pink.
In the meantime, at the other end of the room, young Emerald had been communing with the bookshelves. At this point he returned with the the T-Z volume of an illustrated encyclopedia.
"Well," said he, "here he is, that king. But look, he is young and handsome" ("Oh, that won't do," wailed the German visitor.) "Young, handsome, and wearing a fancy uniform," continued Emerald. "Quite the fancy pansy, in fact."
"And you," I said quietly, "are a foul-minded pup in a cheap green jacket."
"But what have I said?" the young instructor inquired of the company, spreading out his palms like a disciple in Leonardo's Last Supper.
"Now, now," said Shade. "I'm sure, Charles, our young friend never intended to insult your sovereign and namesake."
"He could not, even if he had wished," I observed placidly, turning it all into a joke.
Gerald Emerald extended his hand--which at the moment of writing still remains in that position. (note to Line 894)
An authority on Roman Law, Judge Goldsworth would certainly know the maxim Fiat iustitia, et pereat mundus ("Let justice be done, though the world perish"). It is quoted by Herzen in his fragment Le Dualism, c'est la monarchie (1854) written in French and published in Almanach de l’exil pour 1855 (Herzen's fragment was translated into Russian in 1932):
Au fond de toute cette logomachie du dualisme, c'est toujours l'antagonisme entre le créateur qui est bon, et la créature qui ne vaut rien. Ce n'est qu'une traduction, en langue abstraite, du mystère de la Rédemption. Le point principal consiste, comme nous l'avons déjà vu, dans une séparation, dans une distinction forcée, continuelle, de ce qui est un et indivisible par sa nature (cause et effet, âme et corps). Cette séparation est urgente comme moyen logique, comme la distinction que l'on fait en mathématiques du point et de la ligne. Mais le dualisme accepte ces opérations de l'entendement pour des réalités, et tâche constamment do vaincre l'un par l'autre, de vaincre le corps par l'esprit, le temporel par l'éternel. Pereat mundus et fiat justitia!
According to Kinbote (Shade’s mad commentator who imagines that he is Charles the Beloved, the last self-exiled king of Zembla), his landlord resembles a Medusa-locked hag:
In the Foreword to this work I have had occasion to say something about the amenities of my habitation. The charming, charmingly vague lady (see note to line 691), who secured it for me, sight unseen, meant well, no doubt, especially since it was widely admired in the neighborhood for its "old-world spaciousness and graciousness." Actually, it was an old, dismal, white-and-black, half-timbered house, of the type termed wodnaggen in my country, with carved gables, drafty bow windows and a so-called "semi-noble" porch, surmounted by a hideous veranda. Judge Goldsworth had a wife, and four daughters. Family photographs met me in the hallway and pursued me from room to room, and although I am sure that Alphina (9), Betty (10), Candida (12), and Dee (14) will soon change from horribly cute little schoolgirls to smart young ladies and superior mothers, I must confess that their pert pictures irritated me to such an extent that finally I gathered them one by one and dumped them all in a closet under the gallows row of their cellophane-shrouded winter clothes. In the study I found a large picture of their parents, with sexes reversed, Mrs. G. resembling Malenkov, and Mr. G. a Medusa-locked hag, and this I replaced by the reproduction of a beloved early Picasso: earth boy leading raincloud horse. (note to Lines 47-48)
The characters in Herzen's novel Kto vinovat? ("Who is to Blame?", 1846) include Ivan Afanasievich Meduzin, the teacher of Latin who is bald and does not resemble Medusa at all:
Иван Афанасьевич Медузин, учитель латинского языка и содержатель частной школы, был прекраснейший человек и вовсе не похож на Медузу — снаружи потому, что он был плешив, внутри потому, что он был полон не злобой, а настойкой. Медузиным его назвали в семинарии, во-первых, потому, что надобно было как-нибудь назвать, а во-вторых, потому, что у будущего ученого мужа волосы торчали все врознь и отличались необыкновенной толщиной, так что их можно было принять за проволоки, но сокрушающая сила времени «и ветер их разнес». Из семинарии Иван Афанасьевич, сверх приятной мифологической фамилии, вынес то прочное образование, которое обыкновенно сопровождает семинаристов до последнего дня их жизни и кладет на них ту самобытную печать, по которой вы узнаете бывшего семинариста во всех нарядах. Аристократические манеры не были отличительным свойством Медузина: он никогда не мог решиться ученикам, говорить вы и не прибавлять в разговоре слов, мало употребляемых в высшем обществе. Ивану Афанасьевичу было лет пятьдесят. Сначала он был учителем в разных домах, наконец дошел до того, что завел свою собственную школу. Однажды приятель его, учитель, тоже из семинаристов, по прозванию Кафернаумский, отличавшийся тем, что у него с самого рождения не проходил пот и что он в тридцать градусов мороза беспрестанно утирался, а в тридцать жара у него просто открывалась капель с лица, встретив Ивана Афанасьевича в классе, сказал ему, нарочно при свидетелях:
— А ведь кажется, Иван Афанасьич, день тезоименитства вашего, если не ошибаюсь, приближается. Конечно, мы отпразднуем его и ныне по принятому уже вами обыкновению?
— Увидим, почтеннейший, увидим, — отвечал Иван Афанасьевич с усмешкою и на этот раз решился почему-то великолепнее обыкновенного отпраздновать свои именины. (Part Two, chapter VI)
Tridtsat' gradusov moroza (thirty degrees of frost), a phrase used by Herzen, brings to mind Jakob Gradus (Shade's murderer).
The poet Shade, his commentator Kinbote and his murderer Gradus seem to represent three different aspects of one and the same person whose "real" name is Botkin. In his memoirs Byloe i dumy ("Bygones and Meditations," 1868) Herzen tells the story of Vasiliy Botkin's brief marriage to Armance (a French girl). Armance (1827) is a novel by Stendhal, the author of Le Rouge et le Noir ("The Red and the Black," 1830) and Le Rose et le Vert ("The Pink and the Green," 1837), a novel that remained unfinished.
See also my post "mad at whole world after good dinner in Pale Fire" of 14 May, 2024.