In Canto One of his poem John Shade (the poet in VN's novel Pale Fire, 1962) mentions the Great Bear and the Milky Way:
That's Dr. Sutton's light. That's the Great Bear.
A thousand years ago five minutes were
Equal to forty ounces of fine sand.
Outstare the stars. Infinite foretime and
Infinite aftertime: above your head
They close like giant wings, and you are dead.
The regular vulgarian, I daresay,
Is happier: He sees the Milky Way
Only when making water. (ll. 119-127)
In his poem Nash marsh ("Our March," 1917) Vladimir Mayakovski (a Russian and Soviet poet, 1893-1930) mentions Bol'shaya Medveditsa (the Great Bear):
Видите, скушно звезд небу!
Без него наши песни вьем.
Эй, Большая Медведица! требуй,
чтоб на небо нас взяли живьем.
In his poem Fleyta-pozvonochnik ("The Backbone Flute," 1915) Mayakovski compares Mlechnyi Put' (the Milky Way) to the gallows:
Рот зажму.
Крик ни один им
не выпущу из искусанных губ я.
Привяжи меня к кометам, как к хвостам
лошадиным,
и вымчи,
рвя о звездные зубья.
Или вот что:
когда душа моя выселится,
выйдет на суд твой,
выхмурясь тупенько,
ты,
Млечный Путь перекинув виселицей,
возьми и вздерни меня, преступника.
Делай что хочешь.
Хочешь, четвертуй.
Я сам тебе, праведный, руки вымою.
Только —
слышишь! —
убери проклятую ту,
которую сделал моей любимою!
Версты улиц взмахами шагов мну.
Куда я денусь, этот ад тая!
Какому небесному Гофману
выдумалась ты, проклятая?! (1)
In his poem Mayakovski mentions nebesnyi Gofman (celestial Hoffmann). A German writer, E. T. A. Hoffmann (1776-1822) is the author of Der Sandmann (1816), a story of mistaken identity resulting from the love affair between the protagonist Nathanael and an automaton. In Canto Four of his poem Shade describes two methods of composing, method A and method B, and compares the poet to an automaton:
In method B the hand supports the thought,
The abstract battle is concretely fought.
The pen stops in mid-air, then swoops to bar
A canceled sunset or restore a star,
And thus it physically guides the phrase
Toward faint daylight through the inky maze.
But method A is agony! The brain
Is soon enclosed in a steel cap of pain.
A muse in overalls directs the drill
Which grinds and which no effort of the will
Can interrupt, while the automaton
Is taking off what he has just put on
Or walking briskly to the corner store
To buy the paper he has read before. (ll. 847-860)
At the end of the English version of VN's 1936 story Vesna v Fial'te, "Spring in Fialta," the narrator learns about Nina's death in a car crash from a newspaper he bought in Mlech (a fictional city, Milan in the Russian original):
But the stone was as warm as flesh, and suddenly I understood something I had been seeing without understanding—why a piece of tinfoil had sparkled so on the pavement, why the gleam of a glass had trembled on a tablecloth, why the sea was ashimmer: somehow, by imperceptible degrees, the white sky above Fialta had got saturated with sunshine, and now it was sun-pervaded throughout, and this brimming white radiance grew broader and broader, all dissolved in it, all vanished, all passed, and I stood on the station platform of Mlech with a freshly bought newspaper, which told me that the yellow car I had seen under the plane trees had suffered a crash beyond Fialta, having run at full speed into the truck of a traveling circus entering the town, a crash from which Ferdinand and his friend, those invulnerable rogues, those salamanders of fate, those basilisks of good fortune, had escaped with local and temporary injury to their scales, while Nina, in spite of her long-standing, faithful imitation of them, had turned out after all to be mortal.