When Van Veen (the narrator and main character in VN’s novel Ada, 1969) leaves Ardis forever, Blanche (a French handmaid at Ardis) talks all the way about the young chatelaine and her two recent lovers in melodious low tones as if in a trance, as if en rapport with a dead minstrel’s spirit:
Van shook hands with the distressed old butler, thanked Bout for a silver-knobbed cane and a pair of gloves, nodded to the other servants and walked toward the carriage and pair. Blanche, standing by in a long gray skirt and straw hat, with her cheap valise painted mahogany red and secured with a criss-crossing cord, looked exactly like a young lady setting out to teach school in a Wild West movie. She offered to sit on the box next to the Russian coachman but he ushered her into the calèche.
They passed undulating fields of wheat speckled with the confetti of poppies and bluets. She talked all the way about the young chatelaine and her two recent lovers in melodious low tones as if in a trance, as if en rapport with a dead minstrel’s spirit. Only the other day from behind that row of thick firs, look there, to your right (but he did not look — sitting silent, both hands on the knob of his cane), she and her sister Madelon, with a bottle of wine between them, watched Monsieur le Comte courting the young lady on the moss, crushing her like a grunting bear as he also had crushed — many times! — Madelon who said she, Blanche, should warn him, Van, because she was a wee bit jealous but she also said — for she had a good heart — better put it off until ‘Malbrook’ s’en va t’en guerre, otherwise they would fight; he had been shooting a pistol at a scarecrow all morning and that’s why she waited so long, and it was in Madelon’s hand, not in hers. She rambled on and on until they reached Tourbière; two rows of cottages and a small black church with stained-glass windows. Van let her out. The youngest of the three sisters, a beautiful chestnut-curled little maiden with lewd eyes and bobbing breasts (where had he seen her before? — recently, but where?) carried Blanche’s valise and birdcage into a poor shack smothered in climbing roses, but for the rest, dismal beyond words. He kissed Cendrillon’s shy hand and resumed his seat in the carriage, clearing his throat and plucking at his trousers before crossing his legs. Vain Van Veen.
‘The express does not stop at Torfyanka, does it, Trofim?’
‘I’ll take you five versts across the bog,’ said Trofim, ‘the nearest is Volosyanka.’
His vulgar Russian word for Maidenhair; a whistle stop; train probably crowded.
Maidenhair. Idiot! Percy boy might have been buried by now! Maidenhair. Thus named because of the huge spreading Chinese tree at the end of the platform. Once, vaguely, confused with the Venus’-hair fern. She walked to the end of the platform in Tolstoy’s novel. First exponent of the inner monologue, later exploited by the French and the Irish. N’est vert, n’est vert, n’est vert. L’arbre aux quarante écus d’or, at least in the fall. Never, never shall I hear again her ‘botanical’ voice fall at biloba, ‘sorry, my Latin is showing.’ Ginkgo, gingko, ink, inkog. Known also as Salisbury’s adiantofolia, Ada’s infolio, poor Salisburia: sunk; poor Stream of Consciousness, marée noire by now. Who wants Ardis Hall!
‘Barin, a barin,’ said Trofim, turning his blond-bearded face to his passenger.
‘Da?’
‘Dazhe skvoz’ kozhanïy fartuk ne stal-bï ya trogat’ etu frantsuzskuyu devku.’
Barin: master. Dázhe skvoz’ kózhanïy fártuk: even through a leathern apron. Ne stal-bï ya trógat’: I would not think of touching. Étu: this (that). Frantsúzskuyu: French (adj., accus.). Dévku: wench. Úzhas, otcháyanie: horror, despair. Zhálost’: pity, Kóncheno, zagázheno, rastérzano: finished, fouled, torn to shreds. (1.41)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): marais noir: black tide.
A dead minstrel’s spirit brings to mind Walter Scott's narrative poem in six cantos with copious antiquarian notes The Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805) and Apollon Maykov's poem (a Provençal romance) Menestrel' ("The Minstrel," 1869). Walter Scott is the author of The Black Dwarf (1815), a historical novel. In her essay Elementals (1892) Helena Blavatsky (a Russian and American mystic, the co-founder of the Theosophical Society, born Helena von Hahn, 1831-1891) uses the phrase en rapport. From Encyclopedic Theosophical Glossary:
Gnome [from Greek gnome thought, intelligence; or gnomon one who knows, an instructor, interpreter, guardian] Coined by Paracelsus for the elemental beings pertaining to the element earth, hence popularly believed in Medieval Europe to inhabit mines and caves, pictured as very small men, ugly and often misshapen. The females, called gnomides, were supposed to be of extreme beauty and goodness, being the especial guardians of diamonds. Elemental beings generally “are the Soul of the elements, the capricious forces in Nature, acting under one immutable Law, inherent in these Centres of Force, with undeveloped consciousness and bodies of plastic mould, which can be shaped according to the conscious or unconscious will of the human being who puts himself en rapport with them” (BCW 6:189). They belong to the three elemental kingdoms below the mineral kingdom.
The element earth is not that which we call earth, which is a compound of all seven of the ancient elements and of all or most of the modern chemical elements. Rather, it is the Hindu prithivi-tattva, whose quality is smell and whose shape is mystically cubic as regards its paramanus. When a person has a predominance of the earth element in his constitution, the gnomes are said to be attracted to him and aid him in things which correspond to the earth principle; these include hidden treasures and wealth. Of course there is the antithetical side of the earth element which produces heaviness, grossness, etc.
"BCW 6:189" stands for H.P. Blavatsky: Collected Writings (vol. 6, p. 189). As she speaks to Van, Lucette (Van's and Ada's half-sister) mentions all the plaster gnomes and pig-iron toadstools planted by former Vinelanders in front of their dachas in Lyaska:
‘The last time I saw you,’ said Van, ‘was two years ago, at a railway station. You had just left Villa Armina and I had just arrived. You wore a flowery dress which got mixed with the flowers you carried because you moved so fast — jumping out of a green calèche and up into the Ausonian Express that had brought me to Nice.’
‘Très expressioniste. I did not see you or I would have stopped to tell you what I had just learned. Imagine, mother knew everything — your garrulous dad told her everything about Ada and you!’
‘But not about you and her.’
Lucette asked him not to mention that sickening, maddening girl. She was furious with Ada and jealous by proxy. Her Andrey, or rather his sister on his behalf, he was too stupid even for that, collected progressive philistine Art, bootblack blotches and excremental smears on canvas, imitations of an imbecile’s doodles, primitive idols, aboriginal masks, objets trouvés, or rather troués, the polished log with its polished hole à la Heinrich Heideland. His bride found the ranch yard adorned with a sculpture, if that’s the right word, by old Heinrich himself and his four hefty assistants, a huge hideous lump of bourgeois mahogany, ten feet high, entitled ‘Maternity,’ the mother (in reverse) of all the plaster gnomes and pig-iron toadstools planted by former Vinelanders in front of their dachas in Lyaska.
The barman stood wiping a glass in endless slow motion as he listened to Lucette’s denunciation with the limp smile of utter enchantment.
‘And yet (odnako),’ said Van in Russian, ‘you enjoyed your stay there, in 1896, so Marina told me.’
‘I did not (nichego podobnago)! I left Agavia minus my luggage in the middle of the night, with sobbing Brigitte. I’ve never seen such a household. Ada had turned into a dumb brune. The table talk was limited to the three C’s — cactuses, cattle, and cooking, with Dorothy adding her comments on cubist mysticism. He’s one of those Russians who shlyopayut (slap) to the toilet barefoot, shave in their underwear, wear garters, consider hitching up one’s pants indecent, but when fishing out coins hold their right trouser pocket with the left hand or vice versa, which is not only indecent but vulgar. Demon is, perhaps, disappointed they don’t have children, but really he "engripped" the man after the first flush of father-in-law-hood. Dorothy is a prissy and pious monster who comes to stay for months, orders the meals, and has a private collection of keys to the servants’ rooms — which our bumb brunette should have known — and other little keys to open people’s hearts — she has tried, by the way, to make a practicing Orthodox not only of every American Negro she can catch, but of our sufficiently pravoslavnaya mother — though she only succeeded in making the Trimurti stocks go up. One beautiful, nostalgic night —’
‘Po-russki,’ said Van, noticing that an English couple had ordered drinks and settled down to some quiet auditing.
‘Kak-to noch’yu (one night), when Andrey was away having his tonsils removed or something, dear watchful Dorochka went to investigate a suspicious noise in my maid’s room and found poor Brigitte fallen asleep in the rocker and Ada and me tryahnuvshih starinoy (reshaking old times) on the bed. That’s when I told Dora I would not stand her attitude, and immediately left for Monarch Bay.’
‘Some people are certainly odd,’ said Van. ‘If you’ve finished that sticky stuff let’s go back to your hotel and get some lunch.’ (3.4)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): troués: with a hole or holes.
engripped: from prendre en grippe, to conceive a dislike.
pravoslavnaya: Russ., Greek-Orthodox.
In his essay O Sirine ("On Sirin," 1937) Vladislav Hodasevich (a Russian poet, 1886-1939) compares VN's literary devices to elves and gnomes:
При тщательном рассмотрении Сирин оказывается по преимуществу художником формы, писательского приема, и не только в том общеизвестном и общепризнанном смысле, что формальная сторона его писаний отличается исключительным разнообразием, сложностью, блеском и новизной. Все это потому и признано, и известно, что бросается в глаза всякому. Но в глаза-то бросается потому, что Сирин не только не маскирует, не прячет своих приемов, как чаще всего поступают все и в чем Достоевский, например, достиг поразительного совершенства, — но напротив: Сирин сам их выставляет наружу, как фокусник, который, поразив зрителя, тут же показывает лабораторию своих чудес. Тут, мне кажется, ключ ко всему Сирину. Его произведения населены не только действующими лицами, но и бесчисленным множеством приемов, которые, точно эльфы или гномы, снуя между персонажами, производят огромную работу: пилят, режут, приколачивают, малюют, на глазах у зрителя ставя и разбирая те декорации, в которых разыгрывается пьеса. Они строят мир произведения и сами оказываются его неустранимо важными персонажами. Сирин их потому не прячет, что одна из главных задач его — именно показать, как живут и работают приемы. Есть у Сирина повесть, всецело построенная на игре самочинных приемов. "Приглашение на казнь" есть не что иное, как цепь арабесок, узоров, образов, подчиненных не идейному, а лишь стилистическому единству (что, впрочем, и составляет одну из "идей" произведения). В "Приглашении на казнь" нет реальной жизни, как нет и реальных персонажей, за исключением Цинцинната. Все прочее — только игра декораторов-эльфов, игра приемов и образов, заполняющих творческое сознание или, лучше сказать, творческий бред Цинцинната. С окончанием их игры повесть обрывается. Цинциннат не казнен и не неказнен, потому что на протяжении всей повести мы видим его в воображаемом мире, где никакие реальные события невозможны. В заключительных строках двухмерный, намалеванный мир Цинцинната рушился, и по упавшим декорациям "Цинциннат пошел, — говорит Сирин, — среди пыли, и падших вещей, и трепетавших полотен, направляясь в ту сторону, где, судя по голосам, стояли существа, подобные ему". Тут, конечно, представлено возвращение художника из творчества в действительность. Если угодно, в эту минуту казнь совершается, но не та и не в том смысле, как ее ждали герой и читатель: с возвращением в мир "существ, подобных ему", пресекается бытие Цинцинната-художника.