In his commentary to Shade's poem Kinbote (in VN's novel Pale Fire, 1962, Shade’s mad commentator who imagines that he is Charles the Beloved, the last self-exiled king of Zembla) mentions the narstran, a hellish hall where the souls of murderers are tortured under a constant drizzle of drake venom coming down from the foggy vault:
They were alone again. Disa quickly found the papers he needed. Having finished with that, they talked for a while about nice trivial things, such as the motion picture, based on a Zemblan legend, that Odon hoped to make in Paris or Rome. How would he represent, they wondered, the narstran, a hellish hall where the souls of murderers were tortured under a constant drizzle of drake venom coming down from the foggy vault? (note to Lines 433-434)
In her Russian translation of Pale Fire Vera Nabokov renders 'drake venom' as drakoniy yad. Drakon ("The Dragon," 1900) is a poem by Vladimir Solovyov:
(Зигфриду)
Из-за кругов небес незримых
Дракон явил свое чело, —
И мглою бед неотразимых
Грядущий день заволокло.
Ужель не смолкнут ликованья
И миру вечному хвала,
Беспечный смех и восклицанья:
«Жизнь хороша, и нет в ней зла!»
Наследник меченосной рати!
Ты верен знамени креста,
Христов огонь в твоем булате,
И речь грозящая свята.
Полно любовью Божье лоно,
Оно зовет нас всех равно…
Но перед пастию дракона
Ты понял: крест и меч — одно.
Solovyov's poem (dedicated to Siegfried, a legendary hero of Germanic heroic legend, who killed a dragon—known in some Old Norse sources as Fáfnir—and who was later murdered) ends in the line: Ty ponyal: krest i mech - odno (You have realized: the cross and the sword are one). Neutral of odin (one), odno = Odon = Nodo. In his commentary and index to Shade’s poem Kinbote mentions the actor Odon and his epileptic half-brother Nodo:
Nodo, Odon's half-brother, b. 1916, son of Leopold O'Donnell and of a Zemblan boy impersonator; a cardsharp and despicable traitor, 171. (Index)
Odon, pseudonym of Donald O'Donnell, b. 1915, world-famous actor and Zemblan patriot; learns from K. about secret passage but has to leave for theater, 130; drives K. from theater to foot of Mt. Mandevil, 149; meets K. near sea cave and escapes with him in motorboat, ibid.; directs cinema picture in Paris, 171; stays with Lavender in Lex, 408; ought not to marry that blubber-lipped cinemactress, with untidy hair, 691; see also O'Donnell, Sylvia. (Index)
O'Donnell, Sylvia, nee O'Connell, born 1895? 1890?, the much-traveled, much-married mother of Odon (q. v.), 149, 691; after marrying and divorcing college president Leopold O'Donnell in 1915, father of Odon, she married Peter Gusev, first Duke of Rahl, and graced Zembla till about 1925 when she married an Oriental prince met in Chamonix; after a number of other more or less glamorous marriages, she was in the act of divorcing Lionel Lavender, cousin of Joseph, when last seen in this Index.
The fifth poem of Alexander Blok's cycle Na pole Kulikovom ("On the Field of Kulikovo," 1908), Opyat' nad polem Kulikovym ("Again over the field of Kulikovo"), has for epigraph two lines from the first stanza of Solovyov's poem "The Dragon:" I mgloyu bed neotrazimykh / gryadushchiy den' zavoloklo ("And the coming day was hazed with the mist of irresisable disasters"):
И мглою бед неотразимых
Грядущий день заволокло. Вл. Соловьев
Опять над полем Куликовым
Взошла и расточилась мгла,
И, словно облаком суровым,
Грядущий день заволокла.
За тишиною непробудной,
За разливающейся мглой
Не слышно грома битвы чудной,
Не видно молньи боевой.
Но узнаю тебя, начало
Высоких и мятежных дней!
Над вражьим станом, как бывало,
И плеск и трубы лебедей.
Не может сердце жить покоем,
Недаром тучи собрались.
Доспех тяжел, как перед боем.
Теперь твой час настал. — Молись!
Disasters make one think of Queen Disa, the wife of Charles the Beloved. The poem's last line, Teper' tvoy chas nastal. - Molis'! ("Now your hour has come. - Pray!"), reminds one of the question that in Shakespeare's play Othello (5.2) Qthello asks his wife Desdemona before strangling her: "Have you pray'd to-night, Desdemona?" Duchess of Payn, of Great Payn and Mone, Queen Disa seems to be a cross between Leonardo's Mona Lisa and Shakespeare's Desdemona. Sybil Shade (the poet's wife) and Queen Disa (the wife of Charles the Beloved) seems to be one and the same person whose "real" name is Sofia Botkin, born Lastochkin. Her husband, Vsevolod Botkin (an American scholar of Russian descent), went mad and became the poet Shade, his commentator Kinbote and his murderer Gradus after the tragic death of his daughter Nadezhda (Hazel Shade's "real" name). A celebrated philosopher and minor poet, Vladimir Solovyov (1853-1900) is the author of a doctrine about Divine Sophia. His elder brother, Vsevolod Solovyov (1849-1903), the novelist, is the author of a memoir essay about Fyodor Dostoevski. The author of Dvoynik ("The Double," 1846), Dostoevski suffered from epilepsy. A member of the Shadows (a regicidal organization), Odon's half-brother Nodo is an epileptic:
For almost a whole year after the King's escape the Extremists remained convinced that he and Odon had not left Zembla. The mistake can be only ascribed to the streak of stupidity that fatally runs through the most competent tyranny. Airborne machines and everything connected with them cast a veritable spell over the minds of our new rulers whom kind history had suddenly given a boxful of these zipping and zooming gadgets to play with. That an important fugitive would not perform by air the act of fleeing seemed to them inconceivable. Within minutes after the King and the actor had clattered down the backstairs of the Royal Theater, every wing in the sky and on the ground had been accounted for - such was the efficiency of the government. During the next weeks not one private or commercial plane was allowed to take off, and the inspection of transients became so rigorous and lengthy that international lines decided to cancel stopovers at Onhava. There were some casualties. A crimson balloon was enthusiastically shot down and the aeronaut (a well-known meteorologist) drowned in the Gulf of Surprise. A pilot from a Lapland base flying on a mission of mercy got lost in the fog and was so badly harassed by Zemblan fighters that he settled atop a mountain peak. Some excuse for all this could be found. The illusion of the King's presence in the wilds of Zembla was kept up by royalist plotters who decoyed entire regiments into searching the mountains and woods of our rugged peninsula. The government spent a ludicrous amount of energy on solemnly screening the hundreds of impostors packed in the country's jails. Most of them clowned their way back to freedom; a few, alas, fell. Then, in the spring of the following year, a stunning piece of news came from abroad. The Zemblan actor Odon was directing the making of a cinema picture in Paris!
It was now correctly conjectured that if Odon had fled, the King had fled too: At an extraordinary session of the Extremist government there was passed from hand to hand, in grim silence, a copy of a French newspaper with the headline: L'EN-ROI DE ZEMBLA EST-IL À PARIS? Vindictive exasperation rather than state strategy moved the secret organization of which Gradus was an obscure member to plot the destruction of the royal fugitive. Spiteful thugs! They may be compared to hoodlums who itch to torture the invulnerable gentleman whose testimony clapped them in prison for life. Such convicts have been known to go berserk at the thought that their elusive victim whose very testicles they crave to twist and tear with their talons, is sitting at a pergola feast on a sunny island or fondling some pretty young creature between his knees in serene security - and laughing at them! One supposes that no hell can be worse than the helpless rage they experience as the awareness of that implacable sweet mirth reaches them and suffuses them, slowly destroying their brutish brains. A group of especially devout Extremists calling themselves the Shadows had got together and swore to hunt down the King and kill him wherever he might be. They were, in a sense, the shadow twins of the Karlists and indeed several had cousins or even brothers among the followers of the King. No doubt, the origin of either group could be traced to various reckless rituals in student fraternities and military clubs, and their development examined in terms of fads and anti-fads; but, whereas an objective historian associates a romantic and noble glamor with Karlism, its shadow group must strike one as something definitely Gothic and nasty. The grotesque figure of Gradus, a cross between bat and crab, was not much odder than many other Shadows, such as, for example, Nodo, Odon's epileptic half-brother who cheated at cards, or a mad Mandevil who had lost a leg in trying to make anti-matter. Gradus had long been a member of all sorts of jejune leftist organizations. He had never killed, though coming rather close to it several times in his gray life. He insisted later that when he found himself designated to track down and murder the King, the choice was decided by a show of cards - but let us not forget that it was Nodo who shuffled and dealt them out. Perhaps our man's foreign origin secretly prompted a nomination that would not cause any son of Zembla to incur the dishonor of actual regicide. We can well imagine the scene: the ghastly neon lights of the laboratory, in an annex of the Glass Works, where the Shadows happened to hold their meeting that night; the ace of spades lying on the tiled floor, the vodka gulped down out of test tubes; the many hands clapping Gradus on his round back, and the dark exultation of the man as he received those rather treacherous congratulations. We place this fatidic moment at 0:05, July 2, 1959 - which happens to be also the date upon which an innocent poet penned the first lines of his last poem. (note to Line 171)
In the Prologue to his poem Vozmezdie ("Retribution," 1910-21) Blok mentions Siegfried (the hero of an epic music drama by Wagner, 1876) and his sword Notung:
Жизнь — без начала и конца.
Нас всех подстерегает случай.
Над нами — сумрак неминучий,
Иль ясность божьего лица.
Но ты, художник, твердо веруй
В начала и концы. Ты знай,
Где стерегут нас ад и рай.
Тебе дано бесстрастной мерой
Измерить всё, что видишь ты.
Твой взгляд — да будет тверд и ясен.
Сотри случайные черты —
И ты увидишь: мир прекрасен.
Познай, где свет, — поймешь, где тьма.
Пускай же всё пройдет неспешно,
Что в мире свято, что в нем грешно,
Сквозь жар души, сквозь хлад ума.
Так Зигфрид правит меч над горном:
То в красный уголь обратит,
То быстро в воду погрузит —
И зашипит, и станет черным
Любимцу вверенный клинок…
Удар — он блещет, Нотунг верный,
И Миме, карлик лицемерный,
В смятеньи падает у ног!
Mime, karlik litsemernyi (Mime, the hypocritical dwarf) brings to mind Karlik (as Conmal, the Zemblan translator of Shakespeare, on his deathbed called his nephew, the king Charles the Beloved):
To return to the King: take for instance the question of personal culture. How often is it that kings engage in some special research? Conchologists among them can be counted on the fngers of one maimed hand. The last king of Zembla - partly under the influence of his uncle Conmal, the great translator of Shakespeare (see notes to lines 39 - 40 and 962), had become, despite frequent migraines, passionately addicted to the study of literature. At forty, not long before the collapse of his throne, he had attained such a degree of scholarship that he dared accede to his venerable uncle's raucous dying request: "Teach, Karlik!" Of course, it would have been unseemly for a monarch to appear in the robes of learning at a university lectern and present to rosy youths Finnigans Wake as a monstrous extension of Angus MacDiarmid's "incoherent transactions" and of Southey's Lingo-Grande ("Dear Stumparumper," etc.) or discuss the Zemblan variants, collected in 1798 by Hodinski, of the Kongs-skugg-sio (The Royal Mirror), an anonymous masterpiece of the twelfth century. Therefore he lectured under an assumed name and in a heavy make-up, with wig and false whiskers. All brown-bearded, apple-checked, blue-eyed Zemblans look alike, and I who have not shaved now for a year, resemble my disguised king (see also note to line 894). (note to Line 12)
The epigraph to Blok’s Retribution is from Ibsen's play Bygmester Solness (The Master Builder, 1892): Yunost' - eto vozmezdie ("Youth is retribution"). According to Kinbote, the leader of the Shadows whose terrible name cannot be mentioned, even in the Index to the obscure work of a scholar, is a grandson of a well-known and very courageous master builder:
Shadows, the, a regicidal organization which commissioned Gradus (q. v.) to assassinate the self-banished king; its leader's terrible name cannot be mentioned, even in the Index to the obscure work of a scholar; his maternal grandfather, a well-known and very courageous master builder, was hired by Thurgus the Turgid, around 1885, to make certain repairs in his quarters, and soon after that perished, poisoned in the royal kitchens, under mysterious circumstances, together with his three young apprentices whose first names Yan, Yonny, and Angeling, are preserved in a ballad still to be heard in some of our wilder valleys. (Index)
Angeling brings to mind Angelina Blok (1892-1918), the poet's half-sister. Blok dedicated to her memory his cycle Yamby ("Iambs," 1907-14). At the end of Canto Four of his poem Shade says that, if his private universe scans right, so does the verse of galaxies divine, which he suspects is an iambic line:
Gently the day has passed in a sustained
Low hum of harmony. The brain is drained
And a brown ament, and the noun I meant
To use but did not, dry on the cement.
Maybe my sensual love for the consonne
D'appui, Echo's fey child, is based upon
A feeling of fantastically planned,
Richly rhymed life. I feel I understand
Existence, or at least a minute part
Of my existence, only through my art,
In terms of combinational delight;
And if my private universe scans right,
So does the verse of galaxies divine
Which I suspect is an iambic line.
I'm reasonably sure that we survive
And that my darling somewhere is alive,
As I am reasonably sure that I
Shall wake at six tomorrow, on July
The twenty-second, nineteen fifty-nine,
And that the day will probably be fine;
So this alarm clock let me set myself,
Yawn, and put back Shade's "Poems" on their shelf. (ll. 963-984)
On the same evening of July 21, 1959, Shade (whose poem is almost finished) is killed by Gradus. Når vi døde vågner (When We Dead Awaken, 1899) is Ibsen's last play.