Describing his meetings with Ada (now married to Andrey Vinelander) in Mont Roux, in October 1905, Van Veen (the narrator and main character in VN’s novel Ada, 1969) compares the morning to a crinolined prude and mentions Desdemonia (the planet where artists are the only gods):
That meeting, and the nine that followed, constituted the highest ridge of their twenty-one-year-old love: its complicated, dangerous, ineffably radiant coming of age. The somewhat Italianate style of the apartment, its elaborate wall lamps with ornaments of pale caramel glass, its white knobbles that produced indiscriminately light or maids, the slat-eyes, veiled, heavily curtained windows which made the morning as difficult to disrobe as a crinolined prude, the convex sliding doors of the huge white ‘Nuremberg Virgin’-like closet in the hallway of their suite, and even the tinted engraving by Randon of a rather stark three-mast ship on the zigzag green waves of Marseilles Harbor — in a word, the alberghian atmosphere of those new trysts added a novelistic touch (Aleksey and Anna may have asterisked here!) which Ada welcomed as a frame, as a form, something supporting and guarding life, otherwise unprovidenced on Desdemonia, where artists are the only gods. When after three or four hours of frenetic love Van and Mrs Vinelander would abandon their sumptuous retreat for the blue haze of an extraordinary October which kept dreamy and warm throughout the duration of adultery, they had the feeling of still being under the protection of those painted Priapi that the Romans once used to set up in the arbors of Rufomonticulus.
‘I shall walk you home... we have just returned from a conference with the Luzon bankers and I’m walking you back to your hotel from mine’ — this was the phrase consacrée that Van invariably uttered to inform the fates of the situation. One little precaution they took from the start was to strictly avoid equivocal exposure on their lakeside balcony which was visible to every yellow or mauve flowerhead on the platbands of the promenade. (3.8)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): Aleksey etc.: Vronski and his mistress.
phrase etc.: stock phrase.
Desdemonia combines Desdemona (Othello's wife in Shakespeare's Othello) with Demonia (aka Antiterra, Earth's twin planet on which Ada is set). In VN's novel Dar ("The Gift," 1937) Fyodor Konstantinovich Godunov-Cherdyntsev (the narrator and main character) speaks of Pushkin and mentions a stage performance of Othello with the famous black tragedian Aldridge:
Пушкин входил в его кровь. С голосом Пушкина сливался голос отца. Он целовал горячую маленькую руку, принимая ее за другую крупную, руку, пахнувшую утренним калачом. Он помнил, что няню к ним взяли оттуда же, откуда была Арина Родионовна, - из-за Гатчины, с Суйды: это было в часе езды от их мест - и она тоже говорила "эдак певком". Он слышал, как свежим летним утром, когда спускались к купальне, на досчатой стенке которой золотом переливалось отражение воды, отец с классическим пафосом повторял то, что считал прекраснейшим из всех когда-либо в мире написанных стихов: "Тут Аполлон - идеал, там Ниобея - печаль", и рыжим крылом да перламутром ниобея мелькала над скабиозами прибрежной лужайки, где в первых числах июня попадался изредка маленький "черный" аполлон.
Без отдыха, с упоением, он теперь (в Берлине с поправкой на тринадцать дней уже тоже было начало июня) по-настоящему готовился к работе, собирал материалы, читал до рассвета, изучал карты, писал письма, видался с нужными людьми. От прозы Пушкина он перешел к его жизни, так что вначале ритм пушкинского века мешался с ритмом жизни отца. Ученые книги (со штемпелем берлинской библиотеки всегда на девяносто девятой странице), знакомые тома "Путешествия натуралиста" в незнакомых черно-зеленых обложках, лежали рядом со старыми русскими журналами, где он искал пушкинский отблеск. Там он однажды наткнулся на замечательные "Очерки прошлого" А. Н. Сухощокова, в которых были между прочим две-три страницы относящиеся к деду, Кириллу Ильичу (отец как-то говорил о них - с неудовольствием), и то, что мемуарист касался его в случайной связи с мыслями о Пушкине, теперь показалось как-то особенно значительным, даром, что тот вывел Кирилла Ильича хватом и шелопаем.
"Говорят, - писал Сухощоков, - что человек, которому отрубили по бедро ногу, долго ощущает ее, шевеля несуществующими пальцами и напрягая несуществующие мышцы. Так и Россия еще долго будет ощущать живое присутствие Пушкина. Есть нечто соблазнительное, как пропасть, в его роковой участи, да и сам он чувствовал, что с роком у него были и будут особые счеты. В дополнение к поэту, извлекающему поэзию из своего прошедшего, он еще находил ее в трагической мысли о будущем. Тройная формула человеческого бытия: невозвратимость, несбыточность, неизбежность, - была ему хорошо знакома. А как же ему хотелось жить! В уже упомянутом альбоме моей "академической" тетки им было собственноручно записано стихотворение, которое до сих пор помню умом и глазами, так что вижу даже положение его на странице:
О, нет, мне жизнь не надоела,
Я жить хочу, я жить люблю
Душа не вовсе охладела,
Утратя молодость свою.
Еще судьба меня согреет,
Романом гения упьюсь,
Мицкевич пусть еще созреет,
Кой чем я сам еще займусь.
Ни один поэт, кажется, так часто, то шутя, то суеверно, то вдохновенно-серьезно, не вглядывался в грядущее. До сих пор у нас в Курской губернии живет, перевалив за сто лет, старик, которого помню уже пожилым человеком, придурковатым и недобрым, - а Пушкина с нами нет. Между тем, в течение долгой жизни моей встречаясь с замечательными талантами и переживая замечательные события, я часто задумывался над тем, как отнесся бы он к тому, к этому: ведь он мог бы увидеть освобождение крестьян, мог бы прочитать "Анну Каренину"!.. Возвращаясь теперь к этим моим мечтаниям, вспоминаю, что в юности однажды мне даже было нечто вроде видения. Этот психологический эпизод сопряжен с воспоминанием о лице, здравствующем поныне, которое назову Ч., - да не посетует оно на меня за это оживление далекого прошлого. Мы были знакомы домами, дед мой с его отцом водили некогда дружбу. Будучи в 36 году заграницей, этот Ч., тогда совсем юноша (ему и семнадцати не было), повздорил с семьей, тем ускорив, говорят кончину своего батюшки, героя отечественной войны, и в компании с какими-то гамбургскими купцами преспокойно уплыл в Бостон, а оттуда попал в Техас, где успешно занимался скотоводством. Так прошло лет двадцать. Нажитое состояние он проиграл в экартэ на миссисипском кильботе, отыгрался в притонах Нового Орлеана, снова всё просадил и после одной из тех безобразно-продолжительных, громких, дымных дуэлей в закрытом помещении бывших тогда фашионебельными в Луизиане, - да и многих других приключений, он заскучал по России, где его кстати ждала вотчина, и с той же беспечной легкостью, с какой уезжал, вернулся в Европу. Как-то в зимний день, в 1858 году, он нагрянул к нам на Мойку; отец был в отъезде, гостя принимала молодежь. Глядя на этого заморского щеголя в черной мягкой шляпе и черной одежде, среди романтического мрака коей особенно ослепительно выделялись шелковая, с пышными сборками, рубашка и сине-сиренево-розовый жилет с алмазными пуговицами, мы с братом едва могли сдержать смех, и тут же решили воспользоваться тем, что за все эти годы он ровно ничего не слыхал о родине, точно она куда-то провалилась, так что теперь сорокалетним Рип-ван-Винкелем проснувшись в изменившемся Петербурге, Ч. был жаден до всяческих сведений, которыми мы и принялись обильно снабжать его, причем врали безбожно. На вопрос, например, жив ли Пушкин, и что пишет, я кощунственно отвечал, что "как же, на-днях тиснул новую поэму". В тот же вечер мы повели нашего гостя в театр. Вышло, впрочем, несовсем удачно. Вместо того, чтобы его попотчевать новой русской комедией, мы показали ему "Отелло" со знаменитым чернокожим трагиком Ольдриджем в главной роли. Нашего плантатора сперва как бы рассмешило появление настоящего негра на сцене. К дивной мощи его игры он остался равнодушен и больше занимался разглядыванием публики, особливо наших петербургских дам (на одной из которых вскоре после того женился), поглощенных в ту минуту завистью к Дездемоне.
"Посмотрите, кто с нами рядом, - вдруг обратился вполголоса мой братец к Ч. - Да вот, справа от нас".
В соседней ложе сидел старик... Небольшого роста, в поношенном фраке, желтовато-смуглый, с растрепанными пепельными баками и проседью в жидких, взъерошенных волосах, он преоригинально наслаждался игрою африканца: толстые губы вздрагивали, ноздри были раздуты, при иных пассажах он даже подскакивал и стучал от удовольствия по барьеру, сверкая перстнями.
"Кто же это?" - спросил Ч.
"Как, не узнаете? Вглядитесь хорошенько".
"Не узнаю".
Тогда мой брат сделал большие глаза и шепнул:
"Да ведь это Пушкин!".
Ч. поглядел... и через минуту заинтересовался чем-то другим. Мне теперь смешно вспомнить, какое тогда на меня нашло странное настроение: шалость, как это иной раз случается, обернулась не тем боком, и легкомысленно вызванный дух не хотел исчезнуть; я не в силах был оторваться от соседней ложи, я смотрел на эти резкие морщины, на широкий нос, на большие уши... по спине пробегали мурашки, вся отеллова ревность не могла меня отвлечь. Что если это и впрямь Пушкин, грезилось мне, Пушкин в шестьдесят лет, Пушкин, пощаженный пулей рокового хлыща, Пушкин, вступивший в роскошную осень своего гения... Вот это он, вот эта желтая рука, сжимающая маленький дамский бинокль, написала "Анчар", "Графа Нулина", "Египетские Ночи"... Действие кончилось; грянули рукоплескания. Седой Пушкин порывисто встал и всё еще улыбаясь, со светлым блеском в молодых глазах, быстро вышел из ложи".
Pushkin entered his blood. With Pushkin’s voice merged the voice of his father. He kissed Pushkin’s hot little hand, taking it for another, large hand smelling of the breakfast kalach (a blond roll). He remembered that his and Tanya’s nurse hailed from the same place that Pushkin’s Arina came from—namely Suyda, just beyond Gatchina: this had been within an hour’s ride of their area—and she had also spoken “singsong like.” He heard his father on a fresh summer morning as they walked down to the river bathhouse, on whose plank wall shimmered the golden reflection of the water, repeating with classic fervor what he considered to be the most beautiful not only of Pushkin’s lines but of all the verses ever written in the world: “Tut Apollon-ideal, tarn Niobeya-pechal’” (Here is Apollo-ideal, there is Niobe-grief) and the russet wing and mother-of-pearl of a Niobe fritillary flashed over the scabiosas of the riverside meadow, where, during the first days of June, there occurred sparsely the small Black Apollo.
Indefatigably, in ecstasy, he was really preparing his work now (in Berlin with an adjustment of thirteen days it was also the first days of June), collected material, read until dawn, studied maps, wrote letters and met with the necessary people. From Pushkin’s prose he had passed to his life, so that in the beginning the rhythm of Pushkin’s era commingled with the rhythm of his father’s life. Scientific books (with the Berlin Library’s stamp always on the ninety-ninth page), such as the familiar volumes of The Travels of a Naturalist in unfamiliar black and green bindings, lay side by side with the old Russian journals in which he sought Pushkin’s reflected light. There, one day, he stumbled over the remarkable Memoirs of the Past of A. N. Suhoshchokov, in which there were among other things two or three pages concerning his grandfather, Kirill Ilyich (his father had once referred to them—with displeasure), and the fact that the writer of these memoirs mentioned him incidentally in connection with his thoughts on Pushkin now seemed somehow to have particular significance, even though he portrayed Kirill Ilyich as a gay dog and a good-for-nothing.
Suhoshchokov wrote:
They say that a man whose leg is cut off at the hip can feel it for a long time, moving nonexistent toes and flexing nonexistent muscles. Thus will Russia long continue to feel the living presence of Pushkin. There is something seductive, like an abyss, in his fatal destiny, and indeed, he himself felt that he had had, and would have, a special reckoning with fate. In addition to the poet’s extracting poetry out of his past, he also found it in tragic thoughts about the future. The triple formula of human existence: irrevocability, unrealizability, inevitability—was well known to him. But how he wanted to live! In the above-mentioned album of my “academic” aunt he personally wrote a poem which I can remember to this day, both mentally and visually, so that I can even see its position on the page:
Oh no, my life has not grown tedious,
I want it still, I love it still.
My soul, although its youth has vanished,
Has not become completely chill.
Fate will yet comfort me; a novel
Of genius I shall yet enjoy,
I’ll see yet a mature Mickiéwicz,
With something I myself may toy.
I do not think one could find any other poet who peered so often—now in jest, now superstitiously, or with inspired seriousness—into the future. Right to this day there lives in the Province of Kursk, topping the hundred mark, an old man whom I remember as being already elderly, stupid and malicious—but Pushkin is no longer with us. Meeting in the course of my long life with remarkable talents and living through remarkable events, I have often meditated on how he would have reacted to this and that: why, he could have seen the emancipation of the serfs and could have read Anna Karenin!… Returning now to these reveries of mine I recall that once in my youth I had something in the nature of a vision. This psychological episode is closely linked with the recollection of a personage still thriving to this very day, whom I shall call Ch.—I trust he will not blame me for this revival of a distant past. We were acquainted through our families—my grandfather had once been friendly with his father. In 1836, while abroad, this Ch. who was then quite young—barely seventeen—quarreled with his family (and in so doing hastened, so they say, the decease of his sire, a hero of the Napoleonic War), and in the company of some Hamburg merchants sailed nonchalantly off to Boston, from there landing in Texas where he successfully took up cattle breeding. In that manner twenty years passed. The fortune he had made he lost playing écarté on a Mississippi keel-boat, won it back in the gaming houses of New Orleans, blued it all over again, and after one of those scandalously prolonged, noisy, smoky duels on closed premises which were then fashionable in Louisiana—and after many other adventures—he became homesick for Russia where, conveniently, a demesne was awaiting him, and with the same carefree easiness with which he had left it, he returned to Europe. Once, on a winter’s day in 1858, he visited us unexpectedly at our house on the Moyka, in St. Petersburg; Father was away and the guest was received by us youngsters. As we looked at this outlandish fop in his soft black hat and black clothes, the romantic gloom of which caused his silk shirt with its sumptuous pleats, and his blue, lilac and pink waistcoat with diamond buttons to stand out particularly dazzlingly, my brother and I could hardly contain our laughter and decided there and then to take advantage of the fact that during all these years he had heard absolutely nothing of his homeland, as if it had fallen through some trap door, so that now, like a forty-year-old Rip van Winkle waking up in a transformed St. Petersburg, Ch. was hungry for any news, the which we undertook to give him plenty of, mixed with our outrageous fabrications. To the question, for instance, was Pushkin alive and what was he writing, I blasphemously replied, “Why, he came out with a new poem the other day.” That night we took our guest to the theater. It did not turn out too well, however. Instead of treating him to a new Russian comedy we showed him Othello with the famous black tragedian Aldridge. At first our American planter seemed to be highly amused by the appearance of a genuine Negro on the stage. But he remained indifferent to the marvelous power of his acting and was more taken up with examining the audience, especially our St. Petersburg ladies (one of whom he soon afterwards married), who were devoured at that moment with envy for Desdemona.
“Look who’s sitting next to us,” my brother suddenly said to Ch. in a low voice, “There, to our right.”
In the neighboring box there sat an old man…. Of shortish stature, in a worn tailcoat, with a sallow and swarthy complexion, disheveled ashen side-whiskers, and sparse, gray-streaked tousled hair, he was taking a most eccentric delight in the acting of the African: his thick lips twitched, his nostrils were dilated, and at certain bits he even jumped up and down in his seat and banged with delight on the parapet, his rings flashing.
“Who’s that?” asked Ch.
“What, don’t you recognize him? Look closer.”
“I don’t recognize him.”
Then my brother made big eyes and whispered, “Why, that’s Pushkin!”
Ch. looked again… and after a minute became interested by something else. It seems funny now to recall what a strange mood came upon me then: the prank, as happens from time to time, rebounded, and this frivolously summoned ghost did not want to disappear: I was quite incapable of tearing myself away from the neighboring box; I looked at those harsh wrinkles, that broad nose, those large ears… shivers ran down my back, and not all of Othello’s jealousy was able to drag me away. What if this is indeed Pushkin, I mused, Pushkin at sixty, Pushkin spared two decades ago by the bullet of the fatal coxcomb, Pushkin in the rich autumn of his genius…. This is he; this yellow hand grasping those lady’s opera glasses wrote Anchar, Graf Nulin, The Egyptian Nights…. The act finished; applause thundered. Gray-haired Pushkin stood up abruptly, and still smiling, with a bright sparkle in his youthful eyes, quickly left his box. (Chapter Two)
In Zhizn' Chernyshevskogo ("The Life of Chernyshevski"), Chapter Four of The Gift, Fyodor mentions a crinoline, that symbol of fertility:
Еще в начале журнального поприща он писал о Лессинге, который родился ровно за сто лет до него, и сходство с которым он сам сознавал: "для таких натур существует служение более милое, нежели служение любимой науке, - это служение развитию своего народа". Как и Лессинг он по привычке всегда начинал с частного случая развитие общих мыслей. Помня, что у Лессинга жена умерла от родов, он боялся за Ольгу Сократовну, о первой беременности которой писал отцу по латыни, точно так же, как Лессинг, сто лет перед тем, писал по латыни и своему батюшке.
Наведем сюда свет: двадцать первого декабря 53 года Николай Гаврилович сообщал, что, по словам знающих женщин, жена зачала. Роды. Тяжелые. Мальчик. "Милятятька мой", - гулюкала над первенцом Ольга Сократовна, очень скоро однако маленького Сашу разлюбившая. Врачи предупреждали, что вторые роды убьют ее. Все же она забеременела вновь, - "как то по нашим грехам, против моей воли", - писал он, жалуясь и томясь, Некрасову. Нет, что-то другое, сильнее, чем боязнь за жену, томило его. По некоторым сведениям, Чернышевский в пятидесятых годах подумывал о самоубийстве; он будто-бы даже пил, - какое жуткое видение: пьяный Чернышевский! Что таить, брак получился несчастный, трижды несчастный, и даже впоследствии, когда ему и удалось с помощью воспоминания "заморозить свое прошлое до состояния статического счастья" (Страннолюбский), всё равно еще сказывалась та роковая, смертная тоска, составленная из жалости, ревности и уязвленного самолюбия, - которую также знавал муж совсем другого склада и совсем иначе расправившийся с ней: Пушкин.
И жена и младенец Виктор выжили; а в декабре 58 года она вновь чуть не умерла, производя на свет третьего сына, Мишу. Удивительное время - героическое, кроличье, в кринолине, - символе многочадия.
In the beginning of his journalistic pursuits, writing on Lessing (who had been born exactly a hundred years before him, and a resemblance to whom he himself admitted), he said: “For such natures there exists a sweeter service than service to one’s favorite science—and that is service to the development of one’s people.” Like Lessing, he was accustomed to develop general ideas on the basis of particular cases. And remembering that Lessing’s wife had died in childbirth, he feared for Olga Sokratovna, about whose first pregnancy he wrote to his father in Latin, just as, a hundred years before, Lessing had done.
Let us shed a little light here: on the twenty-first of December, 1853, Nikolay Gavrilovich intimated that according to knowledgeable women his wife had conceived. Her labor was difficult. It was a boy. “My sweety-tweety,” cooed Olga Sokratovna over her first-born—very soon, however, becoming disenchanted with little Sasha. The doctors warned them that a second child would kill her. Still, she became pregnant anew—“somehow in expiation of our sins, against my will,” he wrote plaintively, in dull anguish, to Nekrasov…. No, it was something else, stronger than fear for his wife, that oppressed him. According to some sources, Chernyshevski contemplated suicide during the fifties; he even seems to have drunk—what an awe-inspiring vision: a drunken Chernyshevski! There was no use hiding it—the marriage had turned out unhappy, thrice unhappy, and even in later years, when he had managed with the aid of his reminiscences to “freeze his past into a state of static happiness” (Strannolyubski), nevertheless he still bore the marks of that fateful, deadly heartache—made of pity, jealousy and wounded pride—which a husband of quite a different stamp had experienced and had dealt with in quite a different way: Pushkin.
Both his wife and the infant Victor survived; and in December, 1858, she again almost died, giving birth to a third son, Misha. Amazing times—heroic, prolific, wearing a crinoline—that symbol of fertility.
The epithet krolich'ye (prolific) used by Fyodor comes from krolik (rabbit). The local entomologist and Ada's beloved teacher of natural history, Dr Krolik is Colonel Erminin's doctor and chess partner:
Marina came in a red motorcar of an early ‘runabout’ type, operated by the butler very warily as if it were some fancy variety of corkscrew. She looked unwontedly smart in a man’s gray flannels and sat holding the palm of her gloved hand on the knob of a clouded cane as the car, wobbling a little, arrived to the very edge of the picnic site, a picturesque glade in an old pinewood cut by ravishingly lovely ravines. A strange pale butterfly passed from the opposite side of the woods, along the Lugano dirt road, and was followed presently by a landau from which emerged one by one, nimbly or slowly, depending on age and condition, the Erminin twins, their young pregnant aunt (narrationally a great burden), and a governess, white-haired Mme Forestier, the school friend of Mathilde in a forthcoming story.
Three adult gentlemen, moreover, were expected but never turned up: Uncle Dan, who missed the morning train from town; Colonel Erminin, a widower, whose liver, he said in a note, was behaving like a pecheneg; and his doctor (and chess partner), the famous Dr Krolik, who called himself Ada’s court jeweler, and indeed brought her his birthday present early on the following day — three exquisitely carved chrysalids (‘Inestimable gems,’ cried throatily Ada, tensing her brows), all of which were to yield before long, specimens of a disappointing ichneumon instead of the Kibo Fritillary, a recently discovered rarity. (1.13)
Describing the picnic on Ada's twelfth birthday, Van mentions Lady Erminin, Greg's and Grace's mother who committed suicide:
The early afternoon sun found new places to brighten and old places to toast. Aunt Ruth dozed with her head on an ordinary bed pillow provided by Mme Forestier, who was knitting a tiny jersey for her charges’ future half-sibling. Lady Erminin, through the bothersome afterhaze of suicide, was, reflected Marina, looking down, with old wistfulness and an infant’s curiosity, at the picnickers, under the glorious pine verdure, from the Persian blue of her abode of bliss. The children displayed their talents: Ada and Grace danced a Russian fling to the accompaniment of an ancient music box (which kept halting in mid-bar, as if recalling other shores, other, radial, waves); Lucette, one fist on her hip, sang a St Malô fisher-song; Greg put on his sister’s blue skirt, hat and glasses, all of which transformed him into a very sick, mentally retarded Grace; and Van walked on his hands. (ibid.)
Lady Erminin committed suicide, because she had learnt of her husband's affair with her sister. Aunt Ruth (who, like Grace, is laid up with acute indigestion after the picnic on Ada's twelfth birthday) presumably dies in childbirth (we never hear of her or her baby later on). In Part Four of The Gift Fyodor mentions the St. Petersburg Chess Club founded by Chernyshevski who remembered that Lessing (whose wife died in childbirth) had got to know Mendelssohn (Moses Mendelssohn, the philosopher, 1729-86) over a chessboard:
В России цензурное ведомство возникло раньше литературы; всегда чувствовалось его роковое старшинство: так и подмывало по нему щелкнуть. Деятельность Чернышевского в "Современнике" превратилась в сладострастное издевательство над цензурой, представляющей собой и впрямь одно из замечательнейших отечественных учреждений наших. И вот, в то время, когда власти опасались, например, что "под музыкальными знаками могут быть скрыты злонамеренные сочинения", а посему поручали специальным лицам за хороший оклад заняться расшифровыванием нот, Чернышевский в своем журнале, под прикрытием кропотливого шутовства, делал бешеную рекламу Фейербаху. Когда в статьях о Гарибальди или Кавуре (страшно представить себе, сколько саженей мелкой печати этот неутомимый человек перевел из Таймса), в комментариях к итальянским событиям, он с долбящих упорством ставил в скобках чуть ли не после каждой второй фразы: Италия, в Италии, я говорю об Италии, - развращенный уже читатель знал, что речь о России и крестьянском вопросе. Или еще: он делал вид, что несет что попало, ради одной пустой и темной болтовни, - но в полосах и пятнах слов, в словесном камуфляже, вдруг проскакивала нужная мысль. Впоследствии для сведения третьего отделения была тщательно составлена Владиславом Костомаровым вся гамма этого "буфонства"; работа - подлая, но по существу верно передающая "специальные приемы Чернышевского".
Другой Костомаров, профессор, где-то говорит, что Чернышевский играл в шахматы мастерски. На самом-то деле ни Костомаров, ни Чернышевский ничего в шахматах не смыслили. В юности, правда, Николай Гаврилович как-то купил шахматы, пытался даже осилить руководство, кое-как научился ходам, довольно долго возился с этим (возню обстоятельно записывая) и, наконец, наскуча пустой забавой, всё отдал приятелю. Пятнадцать лет спустя (помня, что Лессинг с Мендельсоном сошелся за шахматной доской) он основал Шах-клуб, который был открыт в январе 62 года, просуществовал весну, постепенно хирея, и сам бы угас, если б не был закрыт в связи с "петербургскими пожарами". Это был просто литературно-политическии кружок, помещавшийся в доме Руадзе. Чернышевский приходил, садился за столик и пристукивая ладьей (которую называл "пушкой"), рассказывал невинные анекдоты. Приходил Серно-Соловьевич - (тургеневское тире) и в уединенном углу заводил с кем-нибудь беседу. Было довольно пусто. Пьющая братия - Помяловский, Курочкин, Кроль - горланила в буфете. Первый, впрочем, кое-что проповедывал и свое: идею общинного литературного труда, - организовать, мол, общество писателей-труженников для исследования разных сторон нашего общественного быта, как то: нищие, мелочные лавки, фонарщики, пожарные - и все добытые сведения помещать в особом журнале. Чернышевский его высмеял, и пошел вздорный слух, что Помяловский "бил ему морду". "Это вранье, я слишком вас уважаю для этого", - писал к нему Помяловский.
In Russia the censorship department arose before literature; its fateful seniority has been always in evidence: and what an urge to give it a tweak! Chernyshevski’s activities on The Contemporary turned into a voluptuous mockery of the censorship, which unquestionably was one of our country’s most remarkable institutions. And right then, at a time when the authorities were fearful, for example, lest “musical notes should conceal antigovernmental writings in code” (and so commissioned well-paid experts to decode them), Chernyshevski, in his magazine, under the cover of elaborate clowning, was frenziedly promulgating Feuerbach. Whenever, in articles about Garibaldi or Cavour (one shrinks from computing the miles of small print this indefatigable man translated from the Times), in his commentaries on Italian events, he kept adding in brackets with drilling insistence after practically every other sentence: “Italy,” “in Italy,” “I am talking about Italy”—the already corrupted reader knew that he meant he was talking about Russia and the peasant question. Or else: Chernyshevski would pretend he was chattering about anything that came to mind, just for the sake of incoherent and vacant prattle—but suddenly, striped and spotted with words, dressed in verbal camouflage, the important idea he wished to convey would slip through. Subsequently the whole gamut of this “buffoonery” was carefully put together by Vladislav Kostomarov for the information of the secret police; the work was mean, but it gave essentially a true picture of “Chernyshevski’s special devices.”
Another Kostomarov, a professor, says somewhere that Chernyshevski was a first-rate chess player. Actually neither Kostomarov nor Chernyshevski knew much about chess. In his youth, it is true, Nikolay Gavrilovich once bought a set, attempted even to master a handbook, managed more or less to learn the moves, and messed about with it for quite a time (noting this messing about in detail); finally, tiring of this empty pastime, he turned over everything to a friend. Fifteen years later (remembering that Lessing had got to know Mendelssohn over a chessboard) he founded the St. Petersburg Chess Club, which was opened in January, 1862, existed through spring, gradually declining, and would have failed of itself had it not been closed down in connection with the “St. Petersburg fires.” It was simply a literary and political circle situated in the so-called Ruadze House. Chernyshevski would come and sit at a table, tapping upon it with a rook (which he called a “castle”), and relate innocuous anecdotes. The radical Serno—Solovievich would arrive—(this is a Turgenevian dash) and strike up a conversation with someone in a secluded corner. It was fairly empty. The drinking fraternity—the minor writers Pomyalovski, Kurochkin, Krol—would vociferate in the bar. The first, by the way, did a little preaching of his own, promoting the idea of communal literary work—“Let’s organize,” he said, “a society of writer-laborers for investigating various aspects of our social life, such as: beggars, haberdashers, lamplighters, firemen—and pool in a special magazine all the material we get.” Chernyshevski derided him and a silly rumor went around to the effect that Pomyalovski had “bashed his mug in.” “It’s all lies, I respect you too much for that,” wrote Pomyalovski to him.
In his book Fyodor points out that Chernyshevski's son Sasha was fascinated by pure mathematics:
Из всех безумцев, рвавших в клочья жизнь Чернышевского, худшим был его сын; конечно - не младший, Михаил, который жизнь прожил смирную, с любовью занимаясь тарифными вопросами (служил по железно-дорожному делу): он то вывелся из положительной отцовской цифры и сыном был добрым, - ибо в то время, как его блудный брат (получается нравоучительная картинка) выпускал (1896--98 г. г.) свои "Рассказы-фантазии" и сборник никчемных стихов, он набожно начинал свое монументальное издание произведений Николая Гавриловича, которое почти довел до конца, когда в 1924 году, окруженный всеобщим уважением, умер - лет через десять после того, как Александр скоропостижно скончался в грешном Риме, в комнатке с каменным полом, объясняясь в нечеловеческой любви к итальянскому искусству и крича в пылу дикого вдохновения, что, еслибы люди его послушали, жизнь пошла бы иначе, иначе! Сотворенный словно из всего того, чего отец не выносил, Саша, едва выйдя из отрочества, пристрастился ко всему диковинному, сказочному, непонятному современникам, - зачитывался Гофманом и Эдгаром По, увлекался чистой математикой, а немного позже - один из первых в России - оценил французских "проклятых поэтов". Отец, прозябая в Сибири, не мог следить за развитием сына (воспитывавшегося у Пыпиных), а то, что узнавал, толковал по-своему, тем более, что от него скрывали душевную болезнь Саши. Понемногу, однако, чистота этой математики стала Чернышевского раздражать, - и можно легко себе представить с какими чувствами юноша читал длинные отцовские письма, начинающиеся с подчеркнуто-добродушной шутки, а затем (как разговоры того чеховского героя, который приступал так хорошо, - старый студент, мол, неисправимый идеалист...) завершавшиеся яростной руганью; его бесила эта математическая страсть не только как проявление неполезного: измываясь над всякой новизной, отставший от жизни Чернышевский отводил душу на всех новаторах, чудаках и неудачниках мира.
Добрейший Пыпин, в январе 75 года, посылает ему в Вилюйск прикрашенный образ сына-студента, сообщая ему и то, что может быть приятно создателю Рахметова (Саша, дескать, заказал металлический шар в полпуда для гимнастики), и то, что должно быть лестно всякому отцу: со сдержанной нежностью Пыпин вспоминая свою молодую дружбу с Николаем Гавриловичем (которому был многим обязан), рассказывает о том, что Саша так же неловок, угловат, как отец, так же смеется громогласно с дискантовыми тонами... Вдруг осенью 77 года Саша поступает в Невский пехотный полк, но не доехав до действующей армии заболевает тифом (в его постоянных несчастьях своеобразно сказывается наследие отца, у которого всё ломалось, всё выпадало из рук). По возвращении в Петербург он поселился один, давал уроки, печатал статьи по теории вероятности. С 82 года его душевный недуг обострился, и неоднократно приходилось его помещать в лечебницу. Он боялся пространства или, точнее, боялся соскользнуть в другое измерение, - и, чтоб не погибнуть, всё держался за верную, прочную, в эвклидовых складках, юбку Пелагеи Николаевны Фан-дер-Флит (рожденной Пыпиной).
Of all the madmen who tore Chernyshevski’s life into shreds, the worst was his son; not the youngest, of course, Mihail (Misha), who lived a quiet life, lovingly working away at tariff questions (he was employed in the railroads department): he had been evolved from his father’s “positive number” and was a good son, for at the time (1896–98) when his prodigal brother (which makes a moralistic picture) was publishing his Fantastic Tales and a collection of futile poems, he was piously beginning his monumental edition of his late father’s works, which he had practically brought to conclusion when he died, in 1924, surrounded by general esteem—ten years after Alexander (Sasha) had died suddenly in sinful Rome, in a small room with a stone floor, declaring his superhuman love for Italian art and crying in the heat of wild inspiration that if people would only listen to him life would be different, different! Created apparently out of everything that his father could not stand, Sasha, hardly out of his boyhood, developed a passion for everything that was weird, chimerical, and incomprehensible to his contemporaries—he lost himself in E.T.A. Hoffmann and Edgar Poe, was fascinated by pure mathematics, and a little later he was one of the first in Russia to appreciate the French “poètes maudits.” The father, vegetating in Siberia, was unable to look after the development of his son (who was brought up by the Pypins) and what he learned he interpreted in his own way, the more so since they concealed Sasha’s mental disease from him. Gradually, however, the purity of this mathematics began to irritate Chernyshevski—and one can easily imagine with what feelings the youth used to read those long letters from his father, beginning with a deliberately debonair joke and then (like the conversations of that Chekhov character who used to begin so well—“an old alumnus, you know, an incurable idealist …”) concluding with irate abuse; this passion for mathematics enraged him not only as a manifestation of something nonutilitarian: by jeering at everything modern, Chernyshevski whom life had outdistanced would unburden himself concerning all the innovators, eccentrics and failures of this world.
His kindhearted cousin, Pypin, in January 1875, sends him to Vilyuisk an embellished description of his student son, informing him of what might please the creator of Rakhmetov (Sasha, he wrote, had ordered an eighteen-pound metal ball for gymnastics) and what must be flattering to any father: with restrained tenderness, Pypin, recalling his youthful friendship with Nikolay Gavrilovich (to whom he was much indebted), relates that Sasha is just as clumsy, just as angular as his father was, and also laughs as loud in the same treble tones…. Suddenly, in the autumn of 1877, Sasha joined the Nevski infantry regiment, but before he reached the active army (the Russo-Turkish war was in progress) he fell ill with typhus (in his constant misfortunes one is aware of a legacy from his father, who also used to break everything and drop everything). Returning to St. Petersburg he lived alone, giving lessons and publishing articles on the theory of probability. After 1882 his mental ailment was aggravated, and more than once he had to be placed in a nursing-home. He was afraid of space, or more exactly, he was afraid of slipping into a different dimension—and in order to avoid perishing he clung continuously to the safe, solid—with Euclidean pleats—skirt of Pelageya Nikolaevna Fanderflit (née Pypin). (Part Four)
Slipping into a different dimension brings to mind the Idea of Dimension & Dementia mentioned by Van when he describes Lucette's visit to Kingston (Van's American University):
Van spent the fall term of 1892 at Kingston University, Mayne, where there was a first-rate madhouse, as well as a famous Department of Terrapy, and where he now went back to one of his old projects, which turned on the Idea of Dimension & Dementia (‘You will "sturb," Van, with an alliteration on your lips,’ jested old Rattner, resident pessimist of genius, for whom life was only a ‘disturbance’ in the rattnerterological order of things — from ‘nertoros,’ not ‘terra’). (2.5)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): sturb: pun on Germ. sterben, to die.
At the beginning of Part Five of Ada Van mentions the highest forms of human thought — pure mathematics & decipherment:
I, Van Veen, salute you, life, Ada Veen, Dr Lagosse, Stepan Nootkin, Violet Knox, Ronald Oranger. Today is my ninety-seventh birthday, and I hear from my wonderful new Everyrest chair a spade scrape and footsteps in the snow-sparkling garden, and my old Russian valet, who is deafer than he thinks, pullout and push in nose-ringed drawers in the dressing room. This Part Five is not meant as an epilogue; it is the true introduction of my ninety-seven percent true, and three percent likely, Ada or Ardor, a family chronicle.
Of all their many houses, in Europe and in the Tropics, the château recently built in Ex, in the Swiss Alps, with its pillared front and crenelated turrets, became their favorite, especially in midwinter, when the famous glittering air, le cristal d’Ex, ‘matches the highest forms of human thought — pure mathematics & decipherment’ (unpublished ad).
At least twice a year our happy couple indulged in fairly long travels. Ada did not breed or collect butterflies any more, but throughout her healthy and active old age loved to film them in their natural surroundings, at the bottom of her garden or the end of the world, flapping and flitting, settling on flowers or filth, gliding over grass or granite, fighting or mating. Van accompanied her on picture-shooting journeys to Brazil, the Congo, New Guinea, but secretly preferred a long drink under a tent to a long wait under a tree for some rarity to come down to the bait and be taken in color. One would need another book to describe Ada’s adventures in Adaland. The films — and the crucified actors (Identification Mounts) — can be seen by arrangement at the Lucinda Museum, 5, Park Lane, Manhattan. (5.1)
Decipherment in the unpublished ad seems to hint at rasshifrovyvanie not (the decoding of musical notes) mentioned by Fyodor in his book on Chernyshevski (see a quote above). According to Van, Ada can not play a note:
Here Ada herself came running into the room. Yes-yes-yes-yes, here I come. Beaming!
Old Demon, iridescent wings humped, half rose but sank back again, enveloping Ada with one arm, holding his glass in the other hand, kissing the girl in the neck, in the hair, burrowing in her sweetness with more than an uncle’s fervor. ‘Gosh,’ she exclaimed (with an outbreak of nursery slang that affected Van with even more umilenie, attendrissement, melting ravishment, than his father seemed to experience). ‘How lovely to see you! Clawing your way through the clouds! Swooping down on Tamara’s castle!’
(Lermontov paraphrased by Lowden).
‘The last time I enjoyed you,’ said Demon ‘was in April when you wore a raincoat with a white and black scarf and simply reeked of some arsenic stuff after seeing your dentist. Dr Pearlman has married his receptionist, you’ll be glad to know. Now to business, my darling. I accept your dress’ (the sleeveless black sheath), ‘I tolerate your romantic hairdo, I don’t care much for your pumps na bosu nogu (on bare feet), your Beau Masque perfume — passe encore, but, my precious, I abhor and reject your livid lipstick. It may be the fashion in good old Ladore. It is not done in Man or London.’
‘Ladno (Okay),’ said Ada and, baring her big teeth, rubbed fiercely her lips with a tiny handkerchief produced from her bosom.
‘That’s also provincial. You should carry a black silk purse. And now I’ll show what a diviner I am: your dream is to be a concert pianist!’
‘It is not,’ said Van indignantly. ‘What perfect nonsense. She can’t play a note!’
‘Well, no matter,’ said Demon. ‘Observation is not always the mother of deduction. However, there is nothing improper about a hanky dumped on a Bechstein. You don’t have, my love, to blush so warmly. Let me quote for comic relief
‘Lorsque son fi-ancé fut parti pour la guerre
Irène de Grandfief, la pauvre et noble enfant
Ferma son pi-ano... vendit son éléphant’
‘The gobble enfant is genuine, but the elephant is mine.’ ‘You don’t say so,’ laughed Ada.
‘Our great Coppée,’ said Van, ‘is awful, of course, yet he has one very fetching little piece which Ada de Grandfief here has twisted into English several times, more or less successfully.’
‘Oh, Van!’ interjected Ada with unusual archness, and scooped up a handful of salted almonds.
‘Let’s hear it, let’s hear it,’ cried Demon as he borrowed a nut from her cupped hand.
The neat interplay of harmonious motions, the candid gayety of family reunions, the never-entangling marionette strings — all this is easier described than imagined.
‘Old storytelling devices,’ said Van, ‘may be parodied only by very great and inhuman artists, but only close relatives can be forgiven for paraphrasing illustrious poems. Let me preface the effort of a cousin — anybody’s cousin — by a snatch of Pushkin, for the sake of rhyme —’
‘For the snake of rhyme!’ cried Ada. ‘A paraphrase, even my paraphrase, is like the corruption of "snakeroot" into "snagrel" — all that remains of a delicate little birthwort.’
‘Which is amply sufficient,’ said Demon, ‘for my little needs, and those of my little friends.’
‘So here goes,’ continued Van (ignoring what he felt was an indecent allusion, since the unfortunate plant used to be considered by the ancient inhabitants of the Ladore region not so much as a remedy for the bite of a reptile, as the token of a very young woman’s easy delivery; but no matter). ‘By chance preserved has been the poem. In fact, I have it. Here it is: Leur chute est lente and one can know ‘em...’
‘Oh, I know ‘em,’ interrupted Demon:
‘Leur chute est lente. On peut les suivre
Du regard en reconnaissant
Le chêne à sa feuille de cuivre
L’érable à sa feuille de sang
‘Grand stuff!’
‘Yes, that was Coppée and now comes the cousin,’ said Van, and he recited:
‘Their fall is gentle. The leavesdropper
Can follow each of them and know
The oak tree by its leaf of copper,
The maple by its blood-red glow.’
‘Pah!’ uttered the versionist.
‘Not at all!’ cried Demon. ‘That "leavesdropper" is a splendid trouvaille, girl.’ He pulled the girl to him, she landing on the arm of his Klubsessel, and he glued himself with thick moist lips to her hot red ear through the rich black strands. Van felt a shiver of delight. (1.38)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): passe encore: may still pass muster.
Lorsque etc.: When her fiancé had gone to war, the unfortunate and noble maiden closed her piano, sold her elephant.
By chance preserved: The verses are by chance preserved
I have them, here they are:
(Eugene Onegin, Six: XXI: 1-2)
Klubsessel: Germ., easy chair.
In March 1905 Demon Veen (Van's and Ada's father) perishes in a mysterious airplane disaster above the Pacific (3.7). Van does not realize that his father died, because Ada (who could not pardon Demon his forcing Van to give her up) managed to persuade the pilot to destroy his machine in midair. Because love is blind, Van fails to see that Andrey Vinelander and Ada have at least two children (in February 1905, when she writes to Van telling him that they can meet in October, around the seventeenth, Ada is most likely pregnant) and that Ronald Oranger (old Van's secretary, the editor of Ada) and Violet Knox (old Van's typist whom Ada calls Fialochka, 'little Volet,' and who marries Ronald Oranger after Van's and Ada's death) are Ada's grandchildren.