In his Commentary and Index to Shade's poem Kinbote (in VN’s novel Pale Fire, 1962, Shade’s mad commentator who imagines that he is Charles the Beloved, the last self-exiled king of Zembla) mentions Colonel Peter Gusev, King Alfin's "aerial adjutant:"
King's Alfin's absent-mindedness was strangely combined with a passion for mechanical things, especially for flying apparatuses. In 1912, he managed to rise in an umbrella-like Fabre "hydroplane" and almost got drowned in the sea between Nitra and Indra. He smashed two Farmans, three Zemblan machines, and a beloved Santos Dumont Demoiselle. A very special monoplane, Blenda IV, was built for him in 1916 by his constant "aerial adjutant" Colonel Peter Gusev (later a pioneer parachutist and, at seventy, one of the greatest jumpers of all time), and this was his bird of doom. On the serene, and not too cold, December morning that the angels chose to net his mild pure soul, King Alfin was in the act of trying solo a tricky vertical loop that Prince Andrey Kachurin, the famous Russian stunter and War One hero, had shown him in Gatchina. Something went wrong, and the little Blenda was seen to go into an uncontrolled dive. Behind and above him, in a Caudron biplane, Colonel Gusev (by then Duke of Rahl) and the Queen snapped several pictures of what seemed at first a noble and graceful evolution but then turned into something else. At the last moment, King Alfin managed to straighten out his machine and was again master of gravity when, immediately afterwards, he flew smack into the scaffolding of a huge hotel which was being constructed in the middle of a coastal heath as if for the special purpose of standing in a king's way. This uncompleted and badly gutted building was ordered razed by Queen Blenda who had it replaced by a tasteless monument of granite surmounted by an improbable type of aircraft made of bronze. The glossy prints of the enlarged photographs depicting the entire catastrophe were discovered one day by eight-year-old Charles Xavier in the drawer of a secretary bookcase. In some of these ghastly pictures one could make out the shoulders and leathern casque of the strangely unconcerned aviator, and in the penultimate one of the series, just before the white-blurred shattering crash, one distinctly saw him raise one arm in triumph, and reassurance. The boy had hideous dreams after that but his mother never found out that he had seen those infernal records. (note to Line 71)
Oleg, Duke of Rahl, 1916-1931, son of Colonel Gusev, Duke of Rahl (b. 1885, still spry); K.'s beloved playmate, killed in a toboggan accident, 130. (Index)
According to Kinbote, Colonel Gusev is still spry. At the end of Conan Doyle's novel The Sign of the Four (1890) Holmes tells Watson that there are in him the makings of a very fine loafer and also of a pretty spry sort of fellow:
“Strange,” said I, “how terms of what in another man I should call laziness alternate with your fits of splendid energy and vigour.”
“Yes,” he answered, “there are in me the makings of a very fine loafer and also of a pretty spry sort of fellow. I often think of those lines of old Goethe,—
Schade dass die Natur nur Einen Menschen aus Dir schuf,
Denn zum würdigen Mann war und zum Schelmen der Stoff."
[Pity that Nature made of you only one person,
because there was material enough for a worthy man and a rogue.]
(Chapter XII "The The Strange Story of Jonathan Small")
"A very fine loafer" brings to mind gulyaka prazdnyi (an idle loafer), as in Pushkin's little tragedy Mozart and Salieri (1830) Salieri calls Mozart:
Кто скажет, чтоб Сальери гордый был
Когда-нибудь завистником презренным,
Змеёй, людьми растоптанною, вживе
Песок и пыль грызущею бессильно?
Никто!.. А ныне — сам скажу — я ныне
Завистник. Я завидую; глубоко,
Мучительно завидую. — О небо!
Где ж правота, когда священный дар,
Когда бессмертный гений — не в награду
Любви горящей, самоотверженья,
Трудов, усердия, молений послан —
А озаряет голову безумца,
Гуляки праздного?.. О Моцарт, Моцарт!
Who'd say that proud Salieri would in life
Be a repellent envier, a serpent
Trampled by people, gnawing sand and dust
In impotence? No one! And now -- I'll say it --
I am an envier. I envy; sorely,
Profoundly now I envy. -- Pray, o Heaven!
Where, where is rightness? when the sacred gift,
Immortal genius, comes not in reward
For fervent love, for total self-rejection,
For work and for exertion and for prayers,
But casts its light upon a madman's head,
An idle loafer's brow... O Mozart, Mozart!
(Scene I, transl. G. Gurarie)
In Pushkin's little tragedy Mozart uses the phrase nikto b (none would):
Когда бы все так чувствовали силу
Гармонии! Но нет: тогда б не мог
И мир существовать; никто б не стал
Заботиться о нуждах низкой жизни;
Все предались бы вольному искусству.
If all could feel like you the power
of harmony! But no: the world
could not go on then. None would
bother about the needs of lowly life;
All would surrender to free art.
(Scene II)
Nikto b is Botkin (Shade’s, Kinbote’s and Gradus’ “real” name) in reverse. The poet Shade, his commentator Kinbote and his murderer Gradus seem to represent three different aspects of Botkin's personality. An American scholar of Russian descent, Professor Vsevolod Botkin went mad and became Shade, Kinbote and Gradus after the tragic death of his daughter Nadezhda (Hazel Shade's "real" name). Nadezhda means in Russian “hope.” There is a hope that, when Kinbote completes his work on Shade’s poem and commits suicide (on Oct. 19, 1959, the anniversary of Pushkin’s Lyceum), Botkin, like Count Vorontsov (a target of Pushkin's epigrams, "half-milord, half-merchant," etc.), will be full again.
According to Kinbote (the author of a book on surnames), Botkin is one who makes bottekins (fancy footwear). In Canto One of his poem Shade mentions Sherlock Holmes and the fellow whose tracks pointed back when he reversed his shoes:
Retake the falling snow: each drifting flake
Shapeless and slow, unsteady and opaque,
A dull dark white against the day's pale white
And abstract larches in the neutral light.
And then the gradual and dual blue
As night unites the viewer and the view,
And in the morning, diamonds of frost
Express amazement: Whose spurred feet have crossed
From left to right the blank page of the road?
Reading from left to right in winter's code:
A dot, an arrow pointing back; repeat:
Dot, arrow pointing back... A pheasant's feet!
Torquated beauty, sublimated grouse,
Finding your China right behind my house.
Was he in Sherlock Holmes, the fellow whose
Tracks pointed back when he reversed his shoes? (ll. 13-28)
In his Commentary Kinbote writes:
Line 27: Sherlock Holmes
A hawk-nosed, lanky, rather likable private detective, the main character in various stories by Conan Doyle. I have no means to ascertain at the present time which of these is referred to here but suspect that our poet simply made up this Case of the Reversed Footprints.
One of the characters in The Sign of the Four, Tonga (a native of the Andaman Islands) has bare feet, and another, Jonathan Small (a former convict), is a peg-legged man. In Chekhov's story Gusev (1890) written in Ceylon, when Chekhov was on his way back from Sakhalin Island (the site of a penal colony in imperial Russia), the action takes place on a ship in the Indian Ocean. The surname Gusev comes from gus' (goose). In Conan Doyle's story The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle (1892) James Ryder fed the gem to a goose that his sister, Mrs Oakshott, had promised him as a Christmas gift, but had confused the bird with another. King Alfin (the father of Charles the Beloved) and Alphina (the youngest of Judge Goldsworth's four daughters) bring to mind the Alpha Inn where geese are purchased in Conan Doyle's story. The Blue Carbuncle makes one think of some old barracks in Kobaltana (cobalt blue is a blue pigment), the hiding place of the Zemblan crown jewels mentioned by Kinbote in his Index to Shade's poem:
Kobaltana, a once fashionable mountain resort near the ruins of some old barracks, now a cold and desolate spot of difficult access and no importance but still remembered in military families and forest castles, not in the text.