Wyllie, Barbara. 'Nabokov's Cinematic Sensibility and Film Strategy in "The Defense"'. Slavonic and East European Review, 101, 4, 2023, pp. 626-669.
Wakashima, Tadashi. Zenbura no kanatahe: Boido no Aojiroi honō no kaishaku wo megutte [“Beyond Zembla: On Boyd’s Interpretation of Pale Fire”]. 2001
Roth-Souton, Danièle. Language Deficiency as Luzhin's Defense and Vladimir Nabokov's Metaphor for Exile. 1990
Rogers, William N. Heroic Defense: The Lost Positions of Nabokov's 'Luzhin' and Kawabata's 'Shusai'. 1983