Describing the difference between Terra and Antiterra (aka Demonia, Earth's twin planet), Van Veen (the narrator and main character in VN's novel Ada, 1969) mentions the details of the L disaster that happened on Demonia in the beau milieu of the 19th century:
The details of the L disaster (and I do not mean Elevated) in the beau milieu of last century, which had the singular effect of both causing and cursing the notion of ‘Terra,’ are too well-known historically, and too obscene spiritually, to be treated at length in a book addressed to young laymen and lemans — and not to grave men or gravemen.
Of course, today, after great anti-L years of reactionary delusion have gone by (more or less!) and our sleek little machines, Faragod bless them, hum again after a fashion, as they did in the first half of the nineteenth century, the mere geographic aspect of the affair possesses its redeeming comic side, like those patterns of brass marquetry, and bric-à-Braques, and the ormolu horrors that meant ‘art’ to our humorless forefathers. For, indeed, none can deny the presence of something highly ludicrous in the very configurations that were solemnly purported to represent a varicolored map of Terra. Ved’ (‘it is, isn’t it’) sidesplitting to imagine that ‘Russia,’ instead of being a quaint synonym of Estoty, the American province extending from the Arctic no longer vicious Circle to the United States proper, was on Terra the name of a country, transferred as if by some sleight of land across the ha-ha of a doubled ocean to the opposite hemisphere where it sprawled over all of today’s Tartary, from Kurland to the Kuriles! But (even more absurdly), if, in Terrestrial spatial terms, the Amerussia of Abraham Milton was split into its components, with tangible water and ice separating the political, rather than poetical, notions of ‘America’ and ‘Russia,’ a more complicated and even more preposterous discrepancy arose in regard to time — not only because the history of each part of the amalgam did not quite match the history of each counterpart in its discrete condition, but because a gap of up to a hundred years one way or another existed between the two earths; a gap marked by a bizarre confusion of directional signs at the crossroads of passing time with not all the no-longers of one world corresponding to the not-yets of the other. It was owing, among other things, to this ‘scientifically ungraspable’ concourse of divergences that minds bien rangés (not apt to unhobble hobgoblins) rejected Terra as a fad or a fantom, and deranged minds (ready to plunge into any abyss) accepted it in support and token of their own irrationality.
As Van Veen himself was to find out, at the time of his passionate research in terrology (then a branch of psychiatry) even the deepest thinkers, the purest philosophers, Paar of Chose and Zapater of Aardvark, were emotionally divided in their attitude toward the possibility that there existed’ a distortive glass of our distorted glebe’ as a scholar who desires to remain unnamed has put it with such euphonic wit. (Hm! Kveree-kveree, as poor Mlle L. used to say to Gavronsky. In Ada’s hand.)
There were those who maintained that the discrepancies and ‘false overlappings’ between the two worlds were too numerous, and too deeply woven into the skein of successive events, not to taint with trite fancy the theory of essential sameness; and there were those who retorted that the dissimilarities only confirmed the live organic reality pertaining to the other world; that a perfect likeness would rather suggest a specular, and hence speculatory, phenomenon; and that two chess games with identical openings and identical end moves might ramify in an infinite number of variations, on one board and in two brains, at any middle stage of their irrevocably converging development.
The modest narrator has to remind the rereader of all this, because in April (my favorite month), 1869 (by no means a mirabilic year), on St George’s Day (according to Mlle Larivière’s maudlin memoirs) Demon Veen married Aqua Veen — out of spite and pity, a not unusual blend.
Was there some additional spice? Marina, with perverse vainglory, used to affirm in bed that Demon’s senses must have been influenced by a queer sort of ‘incestuous’ (whatever that term means) pleasure (in the sense of the French plaisir, which works up a lot of supplementary spinal vibrato), when he fondled, and savored, and delicately parted and defiled, in unmentionable but fascinating ways, flesh (une chair) that was both that of his wife and that of his mistress, the blended and brightened charms of twin peris, an Aquamarina both single and double, a mirage in an emirate, a germinate gem, an orgy of epithelial alliterations.
Actually, Aqua was less pretty, and far more dotty, than Marina. During her fourteen years of miserable marriage she spent a broken series of steadily increasing sojourns in sanatoriums. A small map of the European part of the British Commonwealth — say, from Scoto-Scandinavia to the Riviera, Altar and Palermontovia — as well as most of the U.S.A., from Estoty and Canady to Argentina, might be quite thickly prickled with enameled red-cross-flag pins, marking, in her War of the Worlds, Aqua’s bivouacs. She had plans at one time to seek a modicum of health (‘just a little grayishness, please, instead of the solid black’) in such Anglo-American protectorates as the Balkans and Indias, and might even have tried the two Southern Continents that thrive under our joint dominion. Of course, Tartary, an independent inferno, which at the time spread from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean, was touristically unavailable, though Yalta and Altyn Tagh sounded strangely attractive... But her real destination was Terra the Fair and thither she trusted she would fly on libellula long wings when she died. Her poor little letters from the homes of madness to her husband were sometimes signed: Madame Shchemyashchikh-Zvukov (‘Heart rending-Sounds’). (1.3)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): beau milieu: right in the middle.
Faragod: apparently, the god of electricity.
braques: allusion to a bric-à-brac painter.
Roman numeral L is equal to 50. Chronologically, the Antiterran L disaster in the beau milieu of the 19th century seems to correspond to the mock execution of Dostoevski and the Petrashevskians on Jan. 3, 1850 (NS), in our world. Dostoevski's first novel (written in epistolary form) is Bednye lyudi ("Poor Folk," 1846). In the old Russian alphabet the letter L was called lyudi (in the drafts of Pushkin's Eugene Onegin Tatiana Larin signs her letter to Onegin with her initials T. L.: "Podumala, chto skazhut lyudi, / i podpisala Tvyordo, Lyudi"). Dostoevski is the author of Dvoynik ("The Double," 1846). In Dostoevski's story Son smeshnogo cheloveka ("The Dream of a Ridiculous Man," 1877) the hero in his dream shoots himself in the heart and an angel takes him to a planet that looks exactly like Earth, but Earth before the fall. During Van's first tea party at Ardis Marina (Van's, Ada's and Lucette's mother) mentions Dostoevski:
They now had tea in a prettily furnished corner of the otherwise very austere central hall from which rose the grand staircase. They sat on chairs upholstered in silk around a pretty table. Ada’s black jacket and a pink-yellow-blue nosegay she had composed of anemones, celandines and columbines lay on a stool of oak. The dog got more bits of cake than it did ordinarily. Price, the mournful old footman who brought the cream for the strawberries, resembled Van’s teacher of history, ‘Jeejee’ Jones.
‘He resembles my teacher of history,’ said Van when the man had gone.
‘I used to love history,’ said Marina, ‘I loved to identify myself with famous women. There’s a ladybird on your plate, Ivan. Especially with famous beauties — Lincoln’s second wife or Queen Josephine.’
‘Yes, I’ve noticed — it’s beautifully done. We’ve got a similar set at home.’
‘Slivok (some cream)? I hope you speak Russian?’ Marina asked Van, as she poured him a cup of tea.
‘Neohotno no sovershenno svobodno (reluctantly but quite fluently),’ replied Van, slegka ulïbnuvshis’ (with a slight smile). ‘Yes, lots of cream and three lumps of sugar.’
‘Ada and I share your extravagant tastes. Dostoevski liked it with raspberry syrup.’
‘Pah,’ uttered Ada. (1.5)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): with a slight smile: a pet formula of Tolstoy’s denoting cool superiority, if not smugness, in a character’s manner of speech.
Full brother and sister, Van and Ada are the children of Demon Veen and Marina Durmanov. In society Van's and Ada's father is generally known as Raven Veen or simply Dark Walter:
On April 23, 1869, in drizzly and warm, gauzy and green Kaluga, Aqua, aged twenty-five and afflicted with her usual vernal migraine, married Walter D. Veen, a Manhattan banker of ancient Anglo-Irish ancestry who had long conducted, and was soon to resume intermittently, a passionate affair with Marina. The latter, some time in 1871, married her first lover’s first cousin, also Walter D. Veen, a quite as opulent, but much duller, chap.
The ‘D’ in the name of Aqua’s husband stood for Demon (a form of Demian or Dementius), and thus was he called by his kin. In society he was generally known as Raven Veen or simply Dark Walter to distinguish him from Marina’s husband, Durak Walter or simply Red Veen. Demon’s twofold hobby was collecting old masters and young mistresses. He also liked middle-aged puns. (1.1)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): Durak: ‘fool’ in Russian.
In his poem The Raven (1845) E. A. Poe mentions unmerciful Disaster:
Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
“Doubtless,” said I, “what it utters is its only stock and store
Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster
Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore—
Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore
Of ‘Never—nevermore’.”
E. A. Poe (1809-49) died on October 7, 1849, in Baltimore (known as Balticomore on Antiterra). On April 23, 1849, Dostoevski was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter-and-Paul Fortress (whose commander, general Ivan Nabokov, the elder brother of VN's great-grandfather, lent books to the prisoner). In 1861, in the first issue of his and his brother's literary review Vremya ("Time"), Dostoevski (who had returned to St. Petersburg from Siberia at the end of 1859) published three stories (The Tell-Tale Heart, The Black Cat and The Devil in the Belfry) of E. A. Poe. Here is Dostoevski's Foreword to Tri rasskaza Edgara Poe ("Three Stories of Edgar Poe"):
Два-три рассказа Эдгара Поэ уже были переведены на русский язык в наших журналах. Мы передаем читателям еще три рассказа. Вот чрезвычайно странный писатель — именно странный, хотя и с большим талантом. Его произведения нельзя прямо причислить к фантастическим; если он и фантастичен, то, так сказать, внешним образом. Он, например, допускает, что оживает египетская мумия гальванизмом, лежавшая пять тысяч лет в пирамидах. Допускает, что умерший человек, опять-таки посредством гальванизма, рассказывает о состоянии души своей и проч., и проч. Но это еще не прямо фантастический род. Эдгар Поэ только допускает внешнюю возможность неестественного события (доказывая, впрочем, его возможность, и иногда даже чрезвычайно хитро) и, допустив это событие, во всем остальном совершенно верен действительности. Не такова фантастичность, например, у Гофмана. Этот олицетворяет силы природы в образах: вводит в свои рассказы волшебниц, духов и даже иногда ищет свой идеал вне земного, в каком-то необыкновенном мире, принимая этот мир за высший, как будто сам верит в непременное существование этого таинственного волшебного мира… Скорее Эдгара Поэ можно назвать писателем не фантастическим, а капризным. И что за странные капризы, какая смелость в этих капризах! Он почти всегда берет самую исключительную действительность, ставит своего героя в самое исключительное внешнее или психологическое положение, и с какою силою проницательности, с какою поражающею верностию рассказывает он о состоянии души этого человека! Кроме того, в Эдгаре Поэ есть именно одна черта, которая отличает его решительно от всех других писателей и составляет резкую его особенность: это сила воображения. Не то чтобы он превосходил воображением других писателей; но в его способности воображения есть такая особенность, какой мы не встречали ни у кого: это сила подробностей. Попробуйте, например, вообразить сами что-нибудь не совсем обыкновенное или даже не встречающееся в действительности и только возможное; образ, который нарисуется перед вами, всегда будет заключать одни более или менее общие черты всей картины или установится на какой-нибудь особенности, частности ее. Но в повестях Поэ вы до такой степени ярко видите все подробности представленного вам образа или события, что, наконец, как будто убеждаетесь в его возможности, действительности, тогда как событие это или почти совсем невозможно или еще никогда не случалось на свете. Например, в одном из его рассказов есть описание путешествия на луну, — описание подробнейшее, прослеженное им почти час за часом и почти убеждающее вас, что оно могло случиться. Так же точно он описал в одной американской газете полет шара, перелетевшего из Европы через океан в Америку: Это описание было сделано так подробно, так точно, наполнено такими неожиданными, случайными фактами, имело такой вид действительности, что все этому путешествию поверили, разумеется, только на несколько часов; тогда же по справкам оказалось, что никакого путешествия не было и что рассказ Эдгара Поэ — газетная утка. Такая же сила воображения, или, точнее, соображения, выказывается в рассказах о потерянном письме, об убийстве, сделанном в Париже орангутангом, в рассказе о найденном кладе и проч.
Его сравнивают с Гофманом. Мы уже сказали, что это неверно. Притом же Гофман неизмеримо выше Поэ как поэт. У Гофмана есть идеал, правда иногда не точно поставленный; но в этом идеале есть чистота, есть красота действительная, истинная, присущая человеку. Это всего виднее в его нефантастических повестях, каковы, наприм., «Мейстер Мартин» или изящнейшая, прелестнейшая повесть «Сальватор Роза». Мы уже не говорим о его лучшем произведении «Кот-Мурр». Что за истинный, зрелый юмор, какая сила действительности, какая злость, какие типы и портреты, и рядом — какая жажда красоты, какой светлый идеал! В Поэ если и есть фантастичность, то какая-то материальная, если б только можно было так выразиться. Видно, что он вполне американец, даже в самых фантастических своих произведениях. Чтоб познакомить читателей с этим капризным талантом, представляем пока три его маленькие рассказа.
Vse podrobnosti (all details) that, according to Dostoevski, one clearly sees in E. A. Poe's stories bring to mind the details of the Antiterran L disaster that Van holds back.