At the patio party in "Ardis the Second" G. A. Vronsky’s joke about a telegraph pole causes Marina (in VN's novel Ada, 1969, Van’s, Ada’s and Lucette’s mother who had a secret fondness for salty jokes) to collapse in Ada-like ripples of rolling laughter (pokativshis’ so smehu vrode Adï):
And now hairy Pedro hoisted himself onto the brink and began to flirt with the miserable girl (his banal attentions were, really, the least of her troubles).
‘Your leetle aperture must be raccommodated,’ he said.
‘Que voulez-vous dire, for goodness sake?’ she asked, instead of dealing him a backhand wallop.
‘Permit that I contact your charming penetralium,’ the idiot insisted, and put a wet finger on the hole in her swimsuit.
‘Oh that’ (shrugging and rearranging the shoulder strap displaced by the shrug). ‘Never mind that. Next time, maybe, I’ll put on my fabulous new bikini.’
‘Next time, maybe, no Pedro?’
‘Too bad,’ said Ada. ‘Now go and fetch me a Coke, like a good dog.’
‘E tu?’ Pedro asked Marina as he walked past her chair. ‘Again screwdriver?’
‘Yes, dear, but with grapefruit, not orange, and a little zucchero. I can’t understand’ (turning to Vronsky), ‘why do I sound a hundred years old on this page and fifteen on the next? Because if it is a flashback — and it is a flashback, I suppose’ (she pronounced it fieshbeck), ‘Renny, or what’s his name, René, should not know what he seems to know.’
‘He does not,’ cried G.A., ‘it’s only a half-hearted flashback. Anyway, this Renny, this lover number one, does not know, of course, that she is trying to get rid of lover number two, while she’s wondering all the time if she can dare go on dating number three, the gentleman farmer, see?’
‘Nu, eto chto-to slozhnovato (sort of complicated), Grigoriy Akimovich,’ said Marina, scratching her cheek, for she always tended to discount, out of sheer self-preservation, the considerably more slozhnïe patterns out of her own past.
‘Read on, read, it all becomes clear,’ said G.A., riffling through his own copy.
‘Incidentally,’ observed Marina, ‘I hope dear Ida will not object to our making him not only a poet, but a ballet dancer. Pedro could do that beautifully, but he can’t be made to recite French poetry.’
‘If she protests,’ said Vronsky, ‘she can go and stick a telegraph pole — where it belongs.’
The indecent ‘telegraph’ caused Marina, who had a secret fondness for salty jokes, to collapse in Ada-like ripples of rolling laughter (pokativshis’ so smehu vrode Adï): ‘But let’s be serious, I still don’t see how and why his wife — I mean the second guy’s wife — accepts the situation (polozhenie).’
Vronsky spread his fingers and toes.
‘Prichyom tut polozhenie (situation-shituation)? She is blissfully ignorant of their affair and besides, she knows she is fubsy and frumpy, and simply cannot compete with dashing Hélène.’
‘I see, but some won’t,’ said Marina. (1.32)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): que voulez-vous dire: what do you mean.
In his book Dusha Tolstogo ("The Soul of Tolstoy," 1936) Ivan Nazhivin quotes a fragment from Tolstoy’s essay Komu u kogo uchit’sya pisat’, krest’yanskim rebyatam u nas ili nam u krest’yanskikh rebyat? (“Who Should Learn Writing of Whom; Peasant Children of Us, or We of Peasant Children?” 1862) in which Tolstoy describes the process of a story composition by the pupils of his Yasnaya Polyana school and uses the phrase rebyata pokatilis’ so smekhu (the boys collapsed in ripples of rolling laughter):
Я предложил, например, описать наружность мужика, - он согласился, но на предложение описать то, что думал мужик, когда жена бегала к куму, ему тотчас же представился оборот мысли: эх, напала бы ты на Савоську-покойника, тот бы те космы-то повыдергал!.. И он сказал это таким усталым и спокойно, привычно серьезным и вместе добродушным тоном, облокотив голову на руку, что ребята покатились со смеху. Главное свойство во всяком искусстве - чувство меры, - было развито в нем необычайно. Его коробило от всякой лишней черты, подсказываемой кем-нибудь из мальчиков. Он так деспотически и с правом на этот деспотизм распоряжался постройкой повести, что скоро мальчики ушли домой, и остался только он с Семкою, который не уступал ему, хотя и работал в другом роде. Мы работали с 7 до 11 часов; они не чувствовали ни усталости, ни голода и еще рассердились на меня, когда я перестал писать; взялись сами писать по переменкам, но скоро бросили: дело не пошло. Тут Федька спросил, как меня звать. Мы засмеялись, что он этого не знает. "Я знаю, - сказал он, - как вас звать, да двор-то ваш как зовут? Вот у нас Фоканычевы, Зябревы, Ермилины...". Я сказал ему. "А печатывать будем?" - спросил он. "Да". "Так и напечатывать надо: сочинения Макарова, Морозова и Толстова". Он долго был в волнении, а я и не могу передать того чувства волнения, радости, страха и почти раскаяния, которые я испытывал в продолжение этого вечера. Я чувствовал, что с этого дня для него раскрылся целый мир наслаждений и страданий, мир искусства; мне казалось, что я подсмотрел то, что никогда никто не имеет права видеть, - зарождение таинственного цветка поэзии. Мне и страшно и радостно было, как искателю клада, который увидал бы цвет папоротника, - радостно мне было потому, что вдруг, совершенно неожиданно, открылся тот философский камень, которого я тщетно искал два года, - искусство учить выражению мыслей; страшно потому, что это искусство вызывало новые требования, целый мир желаний, не соответствующий среде, в которой жили ученики, как мне казалось в первую минуту. Ошибиться нельзя было. Это была не случайность, но сознательное творчество.
For instance, I proposed that he describe the peasant's external appearance ; he agreed : but my proposal that he should describe what the peasant thought while his wife was gone to her neighbor's immediately brought up in his mind this idea : "Ekh! woman ! if you should meet the dead Savoska, he would tear your hair out." And he said this in such a weary and calmly naturally serious, and at the same time good-natured, tone of voice, leaning his head on his hand, that the children went into a gale of laughter. The chief condition of every art - the feeling of proportion was extraordinarily developed in him. He was wholly upset by any superfluous suggestion made by any of the boys. He took it upon himself to direct the construction of this story in such a despotic way, and with such a just claim to be despotic, that very soon the boys went home, and he alone was left with Semka, who did not give way to him, though he worked in a different manner. We worked from seven to eleven o'clock ; the children felt neither hunger nor weariness, and they were really indignant with me when I stopped writing ; then they tried to take turns in writing by themselves, but they soon desisted- -the thing did not work. Here for the first time Fedka asked me what my name was. We laughed at him, because he did not know. " I know," said he, " how to address you ; but what do they call your estate name ? l You know we have the Fokanychev family, the Zyabrevs, the Yermilins." I told him. " And are we going to be printed?" he asked. "Yes." " Then it must be printed : The work of Makarof, Morozof, and Tolstoi ! ' He was excited for a long time, and could not sleep ; and I cannot represent the feeling of excitement, of pleasure, of pain, and almost of remorse which I experienced in the course of that evening. I felt that from this time a new world of joys and sorrows had been revealed to Fedka,—the world of art; it seemed to me that I was witnessing what no one has the right to see,—the unfolding of the mysterious flower of poesy. To me it was both terrible and delightful; just as if a treasure-seeker should find the lady-fern in bloom. The pleasure consisted for me in suddenly, unexpectedly, discovering the philosopher's stone, for which I had been vainly seeking for two years — the art of expressing thought. It was terrible, because this art would bring new demands and a whole world of desires incompatible with the sphere in which the pupils live — or so it seemed to me at the first moment. There could be no mistake. This was not chance, but conscious, creative genius. (Chapter XI)
On the other hand, in his Russian version of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), Anya v strane chudes (1923), VN renders the sentence "Alice gave a little scream of laughter" as Anya pokatilas' so smekhu:
- Погода... погода сегодня хорошая! - проговорил робкий голос. Это был Белый Кролик. Он шел рядом с Аней и тревожно заглядывал ей в лицо.
- Очень хорошая, - согласилась Аня. - Где Герцогиня?
- Тише, тише, - замахал на нее Кролик. И, оглянувшись, он встал на цыпочки, приложил рот к ее уху и шепнул: - Она приговорена к смерти.
- За какую шалость? - осведомилась Аня.
- Вы сказали: "какая жалость"? - спросил Кролик.
- Ничего подобного, - ответила Аня. - Мне вовсе не жалко. Я сказала: за что?
- Она выдрала Королеву за уши, - начал Кролик.
Аня покатилась со смеху.
- Ах, тише, - испуганно шепнул Кролик. - Ведь Королева услышит! Герцогиня, видите ли, пришла довольно поздно и Королева сказала...
- По местам! - крикнула Королева громовым голосом, и мигом подчиненные разбежались во все стороны, наталкиваясь друг на друга и спотыкаясь. Вскоре порядок был налажен, и игра началась.
Аня никогда в жизни не видела такой странной крокетной площадки: она была вся в ямках и в бороздах; шарами служили живые ежи, молотками - живые фламинго. Солдаты же, выгнув спины, стояли на четвереньках, изображая дужки.
'It's — it's a very fine day!' said a timid voice at her side. She was walking by the White Rabbit, who was peeping anxiously into her face.
'Very,' said Alice: ' — where's the Duchess?'
'Hush! Hush!' said the Rabbit in a low, hurried tone. He looked anxiously over his shoulder as he spoke, and then raised himself upon tiptoe, put his mouth close to her ear, and whispered 'She's under sentence of execution.'
'What for?' said Alice.
'Did you say "What a pity!"?' the Rabbit asked.
'No, I didn't,' said Alice: 'I don't think it's at all a pity. I said "What for?"'
'She boxed the Queen's ears — ' the Rabbit began. Alice gave a little scream of laughter. 'Oh, hush!' the Rabbit whispered in a frightened tone. 'The Queen will hear you! You see, she came rather late, and the Queen said — '
'Get to your places!' shouted the Queen in a voice of thunder, and people began running about in all directions, tumbling up against each other; however, they got settled down in a minute or two, and the game began. Alice thought she had never seen such a curious croquet-ground in her life; it was all ridges and furrows; the balls were live hedgehogs, the mallets live flamingoes, and the soldiers had to double themselves up and to stand on their hands and feet, to make the arches. (Chapter 8: "The Queen's Croquet-Ground")
On Demonia (aka Antiterra, Earth's twin planet on which Ada is set) Lewis Carroll's book is known as Palace in Wonderland:
She showed him next where the hammock — a whole set of hammocks, a canvas sack full of strong, soft nets — was stored: this was in the corner of a basement toolroom behind the lilacs, the key was concealed in this hole here which last year was stuffed by the nest of a bird — no need to identify it. A pointer of sunlight daubed with greener paint a long green box where croquet implements were kept; but the balls had been rolled down the hill by some rowdy children, the little Erminins, who were now Van’s age and had grown very nice and quiet.
‘As we all are at that age,’ said Van and stooped to pick up a curved tortoiseshell comb — the kind that girls use to hold up their hair behind; he had seen one, exactly like that, quite recently, but when, in whose hairdo?
‘One of the maids,’ said Ada. ‘That tattered chapbook must also belong to her, Les Amours du Docteur Mertvago, a mystical romance by a pastor.’
‘Playing croquet with you,’ said Van, ‘should be rather like using flamingoes and hedgehogs.’
‘Our reading lists do not match,’ replied Ada. ‘That Palace in Wonderland was to me the kind of book everybody so often promised me I would adore, that I developed an insurmountable prejudice toward it. Have you read any of Mlle Larivière’s stories? Well, you will. She thinks that in some former Hindooish state she was a boulevardier in Paris; and writes accordingly. We can squirm from here into the front hall by a secret passage, but I think we are supposed to go and look at the grand chêne which is really an elm.’ Did he like elms? Did he know Joyce’s poem about the two washerwomen? He did, indeed. Did he like it? He did. In fact he was beginning to like very much arbors and ardors and Adas. They rhymed. Should he mention it? (1.8)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): Les amours du Dr Mertvago: play on ‘Zhivago’ (‘zhiv’ means in Russian ‘alive’ and ‘mertv’ dead).
grand chêne: big oak.
Tolstoy is the author of Zhivoy trup ("The Living Corpse," 1900), a drama, and Yagody ("The Berries," 1906), a short story. Soon after the picnic on Ada's twelfth birthday Greg Erminin visits Ardis bringing Marina her platinum lighter and says that both Aunt Ruth and Grace (Greg's twin sister) were laid up with acute indigestion —because of all those burnberries they picked in the bushes:
Next day, or the day after the next, the entire family was having high tea in the garden. Ada, on the grass, kept trying to make an anadem of marguerites for the dog while Lucette looked on, munching a crumpet. Marina remained for almost a minute wordlessly stretching across the table her husband’s straw hat in his direction; finally he shook his head, glared at the sun that glared back and retired with his cup and the Toulouse Enquirer to a rustic seat on the other side of the lawn under an immense elm.
‘I ask myself who can that be,’ murmured Mlle Larivière from behind the samovar (which expressed fragments of its surroundings in demented fantasies of a primitive genre) as she slitted her eyes at a part of the drive visible between the pilasters of an open-work gallery. Van, lying prone behind Ada, lifted his eyes from his book (Ada’s copy of Atala).
A tall rosy-faced youngster in smart riding breeches dismounted from a black pony.
‘It’s Greg’s beautiful new pony,’ said Ada.
Greg, with a well-bred boy’s easy apologies, had brought Marina’s platinum lighter which his aunt had discovered in her own bag.
‘Goodness, I’ve not even had time to miss it. How is Ruth?’
Greg said that both Aunt Ruth and Grace were laid up with acute indigestion — ‘not because of your wonderful sandwiches,’ he hastened to add, ‘but because of all those burnberries they picked in the bushes.’
Marina was about to jingle a bronze bell for the footman to bring some more toast, but Greg said he was on his way to a party at the Countess de Prey’s.
‘Rather soon (skorovato) she consoled herself,’ remarked Marina, alluding to the death of the Count killed in a pistol duel on Boston Common a couple of years ago.
‘She’s a very jolly and handsome woman,’ said Greg.
‘And ten years older than me,’ said Marina. (1.14)
The second title of Nazhivin's book on Tolstoy is Neopalimaya kupina ("The Burning Bush"). Dashing Hélène (a character in Mlle Larivière's novel Les Enfants Maudits that Marina and G. A. Vronsky want to make into a film) brings to mind Hélène Bezukhov, Pierre's wife in Tolstoy's novel Voyna i mir ("War and Peace," 1869), and Helen of Troy. When Ada refuses to leave her sick husband, Van calls her "Helen of Troy, Ada of Ardis:"
As had been peculiar to his nature even in the days of his youth, Van was apt to relieve a passion of anger and disappointment by means of bombastic and arcane utterances which hurt like a jagged fingernail caught in satin, the lining of Hell.
‘Castle True, Castle Bright!’ he now cried, ‘Helen of Troy, Ada of Ardis! You have betrayed the Tree and the Moth!’
‘Perestagne (stop, cesse)!’
‘Ardis the First, Ardis the Second, Tanned Man in a Hat, and now Mount Russet —’
‘Perestagne!’ repeated Ada (like a fool dealing with an epileptic).
‘Oh! Qui me rendra mon Hélène —’
‘Ach, perestagne!’
‘— et le phalène.’
‘Je t’emplie ("prie" and "supplie"), stop, Van. Tu sais que j’en vais mourir.’
‘But, but, but’ — (slapping every time his forehead) — ‘to be on the very brink of, of, of — and then have that idiot turn Keats!’
‘Bozhe moy, I must be going. Say something to me, my darling, my only one, something that might help!’
There was a narrow chasm of silence broken only by the rain drumming on the eaves.
‘Stay with me, girl,’ said Van, forgetting everything — pride, rage, the convention of everyday pity.
For an instant she seemed to waver — or at least to consider wavering; but a resonant voice reached them from the drive and there stood Dorothy, gray-caped and mannish-hatted, energetically beckoning with her unfurled umbrella.
‘I can’t, I can’t, I’ll write you,’ murmured my poor love in tears.
Van kissed her leaf-cold hand and, letting the Bellevue worry about his car, letting all Swans worry about his effects and Mme Scarlet worry about Eveline’s skin trouble, he walked some ten kilometers along soggy roads to Rennaz and thence flew to Nice, Biskra, the Cape, Nairobi, the Basset range —
And o'er the summits of the Basset —
Would she write? Oh, she did! Oh, every old thing turned out superfine! Fancy raced fact in never-ending rivalry and girl giggles. Andrey lived only a few months longer, po pal’tzam (finger counting) one, two, three, four — say, five. Andrey was doing fine by the spring of nineteen six or seven, with a comfortably collapsed lung and a straw-colored beard (nothing like facial vegetation to keep a patient busy). Life forked and reforked. Yes, she told him. He insulted Van on the mauve-painted porch of a Douglas hotel where van was awaiting his Ada in a final version of Les Enfants Maudits. Monsieur de Tobak (an earlier cuckold) and Lord Erminin (a second-time second) witnessed the duel in the company of a few tall yuccas and short cactuses. Vinelander wore a cutaway (he would); Van, a white suit. Neither man wished to take any chances, and both fired simultaneously. Both fell. Mr Cutaway’s bullet struck the outsole of Van’s left shoe (white, black-heeled), tripping him and causing a slight fourmillement (excited ants) in his foot — that was all. Van got his adversary plunk in the underbelly — a serious wound from which he recovered in due time, if at all (here the forking swims in the mist). Actually it was all much duller. (3.8)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): phalène: moth (see also p.111).
tu sais etc.: you know it will kill me.
Bozhe moy: Russ., oh, my God.
No Second Troy (1916) is a poem by W. B. Yeats:
Why should I blame her that she filled my days
With misery, or that she would of late
Have taught to ignorant men most violent ways,
Or hurled the little streets upon the great,
Had they but courage equal to desire?
What could have made her peaceful with a mind
That nobleness made simple as a fire,
With beauty like a tightened bow, a kind
That is not natural in an age like this,
Being high and solitary and most stern?
Why, what could she have done, being what she is?
Was there another Troy for her to burn?
The element that destroys Marina (who dies of cancer and whose body is burnt, according to her instructions) is fire:
Numbers and rows and series — the nightmare and malediction harrowing pure thought and pure time — seemed bent on mechanizing his mind. Three elements, fire, water, and air, destroyed, in that sequence, Marina, Lucette, and Demon. Terra waited.
For seven years, after she had dismissed her life with her husband, a successfully achieved corpse, as irrelevant, and retired to her still dazzling, still magically well-staffed Côte d’Azur villa (the one Demon had once given her), Van’s mother had been suffering from various ‘obscure’ illnesses, which everybody thought she made up, or talentedly simulated, and which she contended could be, and partly were, cured by willpower. Van visited her less often than dutiful Lucette, whom he glimpsed there on two or three occasions; and once, in 1899, he saw, as he entered the arbutus-and-laurel garden of Villa Armina, a bearded old priest of the Greek persuasion, clad in neutral black, leaving on a motor bicycle for his Nice parish near the tennis courts. Marina spoke to Van about religion, and Terra, and the Theater, but never about Ada, and just as he did not suspect she knew everything about the horror and ardor of Ardis, none suspected what pain in her bleeding bowels she was trying to allay by incantations, and ‘self-focusing’ or its opposite device, ‘self-dissolving.’ She confessed with an enigmatic and rather smug smile that much as she liked the rhythmic blue puffs of incense, and the dyakon’s rich growl on the ambon, and the oily-brown ikon coped in protective filigree to receive the worshipper’s kiss, her soul remained irrevocably consecrated, naperekor (in spite of) Dasha Vinelander, to the ultimate wisdom of Hinduism.
Early in 1900, a few days before he saw Marina, for the last time, at the clinic in Nice (where he learned for the first time the name of her illness), Van had a ‘verbal’ nightmare, caused, maybe, by the musky smell in the Miramas (Bouches Rouges-du-Rhône) Villa Venus. Two formless fat transparent creatures were engaged in some discussion, one repeating ‘I can’t!’ (meaning ‘can’t die’ — a difficult procedure to carry out voluntarily, without the help of the dagger, the ball, or the bowl), and the other affirming ‘You can, sir!’ She died a fortnight later, and her body was burnt, according to her instructions. (3.1)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): dyakon: deacon.