Describing his bicycle ride with Ada and visit to a Russian traktir in Gamlet (a half-Russian village near Ardis Hall), Van Veen (the narrator and main character in VN’s novel Ada, 1969) mentions a coachman who came straight from a pretzel-string of old novels:
‘We must now find our bicycles,’ said Van, ‘we are lost "in another part of the forest."’
‘Oh, let’s not return yet,’ she cried, ‘oh, wait.’
‘But I want to make sure of our whereabouts and whenabouts,’ said Van. ‘It is a philosophical need.’
The day was darkening; a beaming vestige of sunlight lingered in a western strip of the overcast sky: we have all seen the person who after gaily greeting a friend crosses the street with that smile still fresh on his face — to be eclipsed by the stare of the stranger who might have missed the cause and mistaken the effect for the bright leer of madness. Having worked out that metaphor, Van and Ada decided it was really time to go home. As they rode through Gamlet, the sight of a Russian traktir gave such a prod to their hunger that they dismounted and entered the dim little tavern. A coachman drinking tea from the saucer, holding it up to his loud lips in his large claw, came straight from a pretzel-string of old novels. There was nobody else in the steamy hole save a kerchiefed woman pleading with (ugovarivayushchaya) a leg-dangling lad in a red shirt to get on with his fish soup. She proved to be the traktir-keeper and rose, ‘wiping her hands on her apron,’ to bring Ada (whom she recognized at once) and Van (whom she supposed, not incorrectly, to be the little chatelaine’s ‘young man’) some small Russian-type ‘hamburgers’ called bitochki. Each devoured half a dozen of them — then they retrieved their bikes from under the jasmins to pedal on. They had to light their carbide lamps. They made a last pause before reaching the darkness of Ardis Park. (1.24)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): traktir: Russ., pub.
Russian for "pretzel" is krendel'. In Pushkin's unfinished novel The Blackamoor of Peter the Great (1828) Peter I drinks the anise vodka and snacks a krendel':
Гаврила Афанасьевич встал поспешно из-за стола; все бросились к окнам; и в самом деле увидели государя, который всходил на крыльцо, опираясь на плечо своего денщика. Сделалась суматоха. Хозяин бросился навстречу Петра; слуги разбегались как одурелые, гости перетрусились, иные даже думали, как бы убраться поскорее домой. Вдруг в передней раздался громозвучный голос Петра, все утихло, и царь вошел в сопровождении хозяина, оторопелого от радости. «Здорово, господа», — сказал Петр с веселым лицом. Все низко поклонились. Быстрые взоры царя отыскали в толпе молодую хозяйскую дочь; он подозвал ее. Наталья Гавриловна приближилась довольно смело, но покраснев не только по уши, а даже по плеча. «Ты час от часу хорошеешь», — сказал ей государь и по своему обыкновению поцеловал ее в голову; потом, обратясь к гостям: «Что же? Я вам помешал. Вы обедали; прошу садиться опять, а мне, Гаврила Афанасьевич, дай-ка анисовой водки». Хозяин бросился к величавому дворецкому, выхватил из рук у него поднос, сам наполнил золотую чарочку и подал ее с поклоном государю. Петр, выпив, закусил кренделем и вторично пригласил гостей продолжать обед. Все заняли свои прежние места, кроме карлицы и барской барыни, которые не смели оставаться за столом, удостоенным царским присутствием. Петр сел подле хозяина и спросил себе щей. Государев денщик подал ему деревянную ложку, оправленную слоновой костью, ножик и вилку с зелеными костяными черенками, ибо Петр никогда не употреблял другого прибора, кроме своего. Обед, за минуту пред сим шумно оживленный веселием и говорливостию, продолжался в тишине и принужденности. Хозяин, из почтения и радости, ничего не ел, гости также чинились и с благоговением слушали, как государь по-немецки разговаривал с пленным шведом о походе 1701 года. Дура Екимовна, несколько раз вопрошаемая государем, отвечала с какою-то робкой холодностию, что (замечу мимоходом) вовсе не доказывало природной ее глупости. Наконец обед кончился. Государь встал, за ним и все гости. «Гаврила Афанасьевич! — сказал он хозяину: — Мне нужно с тобою поговорить наедине», — и, взяв его под руку, увел в гостиную и запер за собою дверь. Гости остались в столовой, шепотом толкуя об этом неожиданном посещении, и, опасаясь быть нескромными, вскоре разъехались один за другим, не поблагодарив хозяина за его хлеб-соль. Тесть его, дочь и сестра провожали их тихонько до порогу и остались одни в столовой, ожидая выхода государева. (Chapter IV)
The blackamoor of Peter I, Abram Petrovich Gannibal was Pushkin's great-grandfather. Van's tutor Aksakov explained to a Negro lad that Pushkin and Dumas had African blood:
In 1880, Van, aged ten, had traveled in silver trains with showerbaths, accompanied by his father, his father’s beautiful secretary, the secretary’s eighteen-year-old white-gloved sister (with a bit part as Van’s English governess and milkmaid), and his chaste, angelic Russian tutor, Andrey Andreevich Aksakov (‘AAA’), to gay resorts in Louisiana and Nevada. AAA explained, he remembered, to a Negro lad with whom Van had scrapped, that Pushkin and Dumas had African blood, upon which the lad showed AAA his tongue, a new interesting trick which Van emulated at the earliest occasion and was slapped by the younger of the Misses Fortune, put it back in your face, sir, she said. He also recalled hearing a cummerbunded Dutchman in the hotel hall telling another that Van’s father, who had just passed whistling one of his three tunes, was a famous ‘camler’ (camel driver — shamoes having been imported recently? No, ‘gambler’). (1.24)
In Aksakov's Family Chronicle (1856) Stepan Mikhaylovich Bagrov makes his daughter-in-law drink another cup of tea with a krendel':
«Никогда не пивал больше двух, а теперь выпью третью, – сказал он самым ласковым голосом, – как-то чай кажется лучше». В самом деле, Софья Николавна всё делала с таким удовольствием, что оно просвечивалось на ее выразительном лице и не могло не сообщиться восприимчивой природе Степана Михайлыча, и стало у него необыкновенно весело на душе. Он заставил выпить невестку другую чашку и даже съесть домашний крендель, печеньем которых долго славились багровские печеи. Чай убрали; начались разговоры, самые живые, одушевленные, искренние и дружелюбные. Софья Николавна дала полную волю своим пылким чувствам, своему увлекательному красноречию – и окончательно понравилась старику. Посреди такой приятной беседы вдруг он спросил: «А что муж? спит?» – «Алексей просыпался, когда я уходила; но я велела ему еще соснуть», – с живостью отвечала Софья Николавна.
When Marina and Ada visited Radugalet, Van was out, promenading in the gloomy firwood with Aksakov, his tutor, and Bagrov’s grandson, a neighbor’s boy:
Before his boarding-school days started, his father’s pretty house, in Florentine style, between two vacant lots (5 Park Lane in Manhattan), had been Van’s winter home (two giant guards were soon to rise on both sides of it, ready to frog-march it away), unless they journeyed abroad. Summers in Radugalet, the ‘other Ardis,’ were so much colder and duller than those here in this, Ada’s, Ardis. Once he even spent both winter and summer there; it must have been in 1878.
Of course, of course, because that was the first time, Ada recalled, she had glimpsed him. In his little white sailor suit and blue sailor cap. (Un régulier angelochek, commented Van in the Raduga jargon.) He was eight, she was six. Uncle Dan had unexpectedly expressed the desire to revisit the old estate. At the last moment Marina had said she’d come too, despite Dan’s protests, and had lifted little Ada, hopla, with her hoop, into the calèche. They took, she imagined, the train from Ladoga to Raduga, for she remembered the way the station man with the whistle around his neck went along the platform, past the coaches of the stopped local, banging shut door after door, all six doors of every carriage, each of which consisted of six one-window carrosses of pumpkin origin, fused together. It was, Van suggested, a ‘tower in the mist’ (as she called any good recollection), and then a conductor walked on the running board of every coach with the train also running and opened doors all over again to give, punch, collect tickets, and lick his thumb, and change money, a hell of a job, but another ‘mauve tower.’ Did they hire a motor landaulet to Radugalet? Ten miles, she guessed. Ten versts, said Van. She stood corrected. He was out, he imagined, na progulke (promenading) in the gloomy firwood with Aksakov, his tutor, and Bagrov’s grandson, a neighbor’s boy, whom he teased and pinched and made horrible fun of, a nice quiet little fellow who quietly massacred moles and anything else with fur on, probably pathological. However, when they arrived, it became instantly clear that Demon had not expected ladies. He was on the terrace drinking goldwine (sweet whisky) with an orphan he had adopted, he said, a lovely Irish wild rose in whom Marina at once recognized an impudent scullery maid who had briefly worked at Ardis Hall, and had been ravished by an unknown gentleman — who was now well-known. In those days Uncle Dan wore a monocle in gay-dog copy of his cousin, and this he screwed in to view Rose, whom perhaps he had also been promised (here Van interrupted his interlocutor telling her to mind her vocabulary). The party was a disaster. The orphan languidly took off her pearl earrings for Marina’s appraisal. Grandpa Bagrov hobbled in from a nap in the boudoir and mistook Marina for a grande cocotte as the enraged lady conjectured later when she had a chance to get at poor Dan. Instead of staying for the night, Marina stalked off and called Ada who, having been told to ‘play in the garden,’ was mumbling and numbering in raw-flesh red the white trunks of a row of young birches with Rose’s purloined lipstick in the preamble to a game she now could not remember — what a pity, said Van — when her mother swept her back straight to Ardis in the same taxi leaving Dan — to his devices and vices, inserted Van — and arriving home at sunrise. But, added Ada, just before being whisked away and deprived of her crayon (tossed out by Marina k chertyam sobach’im, to hell’s hounds — and it did remind one of Rose’s terrier that had kept trying to hug Dan’s leg) the charming glimpse was granted her of tiny Van, with another sweet boy, and blond-bearded, white-bloused Aksakov, walking up to the house, and, oh yes, she had forgotten her hoop — no, it was still in the taxi. But, personally, Van had not the slightest recollection of that visit or indeed of that particular summer, because his father’s life, anyway, was a rose garden all the time, and he had been caressed by ungloved lovely hands more than once himself, which did not interest Ada. (1.24)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): Bagrov’s grandson: allusion to Childhood Years of Bagrov’s Grandson by the minor writer Sergey Aksakov (A.D. 1791-1859).
In his poem Neznakomka ("The Unknown Woman," 1906) Alexander Blok mentions krendel' bulochnoy (a giant pretzel of a bakery):
По вечерам над ресторанами
Горячий воздух дик и глух,
И правит окриками пьяными
Весенний и тлетворный дух.
Вдали над пылью переулочной,
Над скукой загородных дач,
Чуть золотится крендель булочной,
И раздается детский плач.
И каждый вечер, за шлагбаумами,
Заламывая котелки,
Среди канав гуляют с дамами
Испытанные остряки.
Над озером скрипят уключины
И раздается женский визг,
А в небе, ко всему приученный
Бесмысленно кривится диск.
И каждый вечер друг единственный
В моем стакане отражен
И влагой терпкой и таинственной
Как я, смирен и оглушен.
А рядом у соседних столиков
Лакеи сонные торчат,
И пьяницы с глазами кроликов
«In vino veritas!» кричат.
И каждый вечер, в час назначенный
(Иль это только снится мне?),
Девичий стан, шелками схваченный,
В туманном движется окне.
И медленно, пройдя меж пьяными,
Всегда без спутников, одна
Дыша духами и туманами,
Она садится у окна.
И веют древними поверьями
Ее упругие шелка,
И шляпа с траурными перьями,
И в кольцах узкая рука.
И странной близостью закованный,
Смотрю за темную вуаль,
И вижу берег очарованный
И очарованную даль.
Глухие тайны мне поручены,
Мне чье-то солнце вручено,
И все души моей излучины
Пронзило терпкое вино.
И перья страуса склоненные
В моем качаются мозгу,
И очи синие бездонные
Цветут на дальнем берегу.
В моей душе лежит сокровище,
И ключ поручен только мне!
Ты право, пьяное чудовище!
Я знаю: истина в вине.
In the evenings, the sultry air above the restaurants
is both wild and torpid,
and drunken vociferations are governed
by the evil spirit of spring.
In the dusty vista of lanes
where reigns the suburban tedium of clapboard villas
the gilt sign of a bakery — a giant pretzel — glimmers,
and children are heard crying.
And every evening, beyond the town barriers,
in a zone of ditches,
wags of long standing, their jaunty derbies askew,
go for walks with their lady friends.
From the lake comes the sound of creaking oar locks
and women are heard squealing,
while overhead, the round moon,
accustomed to everything, blankly mugs.
And every evening my sole companion
is reflected in my wineglass,
as tamed and as stunned as I am
by the same acrid and occult potion.
And nearby, at other tables,
waiters drowsily hover,
and tipplers with the pink eyes of rabbits
shout: In vino veritas!
And every evening, at the appointed hour
(or is it merely a dream of mine?),
the figure of a girl in clinging silks
moves across the misty window.
Slowly she makes her way among the drinkers,
always escortless, alone,
perfume and mists emanating from her,
and takes a seat near the window.
And her taut silks,
her hat with its tenebrous plumes,
her slender bejeweled hand
waft legendary magic.
And with a strange sense of intimacy enchaining me,
I peer beyond her dusky veil
and perceive an enchanted shoreline,
a charmed remoteness.
Dim mysteries are in my keeping,
the orb of somebody’s day has been entrusted to me,
and the tangy wine has penetrated
all the meanders of my soul.
And the drooping ostrich feathers
sway within my brain,
and the dark-blue fathomless eyes
become blossoms on the distant shore.
A treasure lies in my soul,
and I alone have the keeping of its key.
Those drunken brutes are right:
indeed, – there is truth in wine...
(VN's translation)
P'yanitsy s glazami krolikov (tipplers with the pink eyes of rabbits) who shout “In vino veritas!” bring to mind Dr Krolik, the local entomologist, Ada’s beloved teacher of natural history. At the family dinner in “Ardis the Second” Demon Veen (Van’s and Ada’s father) mentions Dr Krolik and uses the phrase s glazami (with the eyes):
‘Marina,’ murmured Demon at the close of the first course. ‘Marina,’ he repeated louder. ‘Far from me’ (a locution he favored) ‘to criticize Dan’s taste in white wines or the manners de vos domestiques. You know me, I’m above all that rot, I’m…’ (gesture); ‘but, my dear,’ he continued, switching to Russian, ‘the chelovek who brought me the pirozhki — the new man, the plumpish one with the eyes (s glazami) —’
‘Everybody has eyes,’ remarked Marina drily.
‘Well, his look as if they were about to octopus the food he serves. But that’s not the point. He pants, Marina! He suffers from some kind of odïshka (shortness of breath). He should see Dr Krolik. It’s depressing. It’s a rhythmic pumping pant. It made my soup ripple.’
‘Look, Dad,’ said Van, ‘Dr Krolik can’t do much, because, as you know quite well, he’s dead, and Marina can’t tell her servants not to breathe, because, as you also know, they’re alive.’
‘The Veen wit, the Veen wit,’ murmured Demon. (1.38)
Describing his meeting with Lucette (Van's and Ada's half-sister) in Paris (also known as Lute on Demonia, Earth’s twin planet also known as Antiterra on which Ada is set), Van mentions Blok’s Incognita:
The Bourbonian-chinned, dark, sleek-haired, ageless concierge, dubbed by Van in his blazer days ‘Alphonse Cinq,’ believed he had just seen Mlle Veen in the Récamier room where Vivian Vale’s golden veils were on show. With a flick of coattail and a swing-gate click, Alphonse dashed out of his lodge and went to see. Van’s eye over his umbrella crook traveled around a carousel of Sapsucker paperbacks (with that wee striped woodpecker on every spine): The Gitanilla, Salzman, Salzman, Salzman, Invitation to a Climax, Squirt, The Go-go Gang, The Threshold of Pain, The Chimes of Chose, The Gitanilla — here a Wall Street, very ‘patrician’ colleague of Demon’s, old Kithar K.L. Sween, who wrote verse, and the still older real-estate magnate Milton Eliot, went by without recognizing grateful Van, despite his being betrayed by several mirrors.
The concierge returned shaking his head. Out of the goodness of his heart Van gave him a Goal guinea and said he’d call again at one-thirty. He walked through the lobby (where the author of Agonic Lines and Mr Eliot, affalés, with a great amount of jacket over their shoulders, dans des fauteuils, were comparing cigars) and, leaving the hotel by a side exit, crossed the rue des Jeunes Martyres for a drink at Ovenman’s.
Upon entering, he stopped for a moment to surrender his coat; but he kept his black fedora and stick-slim umbrella as he had seen his father do in that sort of bawdy, albeit smart, place which decent women did not frequent — at least, unescorted. He headed for the bar, and as he was in the act of wiping the lenses of his black-framed spectacles, made out, through the optical mist (Space’s recent revenge!), the girl whose silhouette he recalled having seen now and then (much more distinctly!) ever since his pubescence, passing alone, drinking alone, always alone, like Blok’s Incognita. It was a queer feeling — as of something replayed by mistake, part of a sentence misplaced on the proof sheet, a scene run prematurely, a repeated blemish, a wrong turn of time. He hastened to reequip his ears with the thick black bows of his glasses and went up to her in silence. For a minute he stood behind her, sideways to remembrance and reader (as she, too, was in regard to us and the bar), the crook of his silk-swathed cane lifted in profile almost up to his mouth. There she was, against the aureate backcloth of a sakarama screen next to the bar, toward which she was sliding, still upright, about to be seated, having already placed one white-gloved hand on the counter. She wore a high-necked, long-sleeved romantic black dress with an ample skirt, fitted bodice and ruffy collar, from the black soft corolla of which her long neck gracefully rose. With a rake’s morose gaze we follow the pure proud line of that throat, of that tilted chin. The glossy red lips are parted, avid and fey, offering a side gleam of large upper teeth. We know, we love that high cheekbone (with an atom of powder puff sticking to the hot pink skin), and the forward upsweep of black lashes and the painted feline eye — all this in profile, we softly repeat. From under the wavy wide brim of her floppy hat of black faille, with a great black bow surmounting it, a spiral of intentionally disarranged, expertly curled bright copper descends her flaming cheek, and the light of the bar’s ‘gem bulbs’ plays on her bouffant front hair, which, as seen laterally, convexes from beneath the extravagant brim of the picture hat right down to her long thin eyebrow. Her Irish profile sweetened by a touch of Russian softness, which adds a look of mysterious expectancy and wistful surprise to her beauty, must be seen, I hope, by the friends and admirers of my memories, as a natural masterpiece incomparably finer and younger than the portrait of the similarily postured lousy jade with her Parisian gueule de guenon on the vile poster painted by that wreck of an artist for Ovenman.
‘Hullo there, Ed,’ said Van to the barman, and she turned at the sound of his dear rasping voice.
‘I didn’t expect you to wear glasses. You almost got le paquet, which I was preparing for the man supposedly "goggling" my hat. Darling Van! Dushka moy!’
‘Your hat,’ he said, ‘is positively lautrémontesque — I mean, lautrecaquesque — no, I can’t form the adjective.’
Ed Barton served Lucette what she called a Chambéryzette.
‘Gin and bitter for me.’
‘I’m so happy and sad,’ she murmured in Russian. ‘Moyo grustnoe schastie! How long will you be in old Lute?’
Van answered he was leaving next day for England, and then on June 3 (this was May 31) would be taking the Admiral Tobakoff back to the States. She would sail with him, she cried, it was a marvelous idea, she didn’t mind whither to drift, really, West, East, Toulouse, Los Teques. He pointed out that it was far too late to obtain a cabin (on that not very grand ship so much shorter than Queen Guinevere), and changed the subject. (3.3)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): affalés etc.: sprawling in their armchairs.
bouffant: puffed up.
gueule etc.: simian facial angle.
grustnoe etc.: Russ., she addresses him as ‘my sad bliss’.
Le paquet that Lucette was preparing brings to mind the lines in Blok’s poem Zhenshchina (“The Woman,” 1914):
Но чувствую: он за плечами
Стоит, он подошел в упор...
Ему я гневными речами
Уже готовлюсь дать отпор...
But I feel: at my back he
Stands, he approached and froze…
Already with angry words I
Prepare to rebuff him...
In his poem Pomnite den’ bezotradnyi i seryi… (“Do you remember a cheerless and grey day,” 1899) Blok mentions grustnoe schastie (the sad happiness):
Помните день безотрадный и серый,
Лист пожелтевший во мраке зачах...
Всё мне: Любовь и Надежда и Вера
В Ваших очах!
Помните лунную ночь голубую,
Шли мы, и песня звучала впотьмах...
Я схоронил эту песню живую
В Ваших очах!
Помните счастье: давно отлетело
Грустное счастье на быстрых крылах...
Только и жило оно и горело
В Ваших очах!
A coachman drinking tea from the saucer brings to mind the lines in Prince Vyazemski's poem Pamyati zhivopistsa Orlovskogo ("In Memory of the Painter Orlovski," 1838):
Где ямщик наш, на попойку
Вставший с тёмного утра,
И загнать готовый тройку
Из полтины серебра?
Русский ям молчит и чахнет,
От былого он отвык;
Русским духом уж не пахнет,
И ямщик уж — не ямщик.
Дух заморский и в деревне!
И ямщик, забыв кабак,
Распивает чай в харчевне
Или курит в ней табак.
Van, Ada and Lucette are the descendants of Prince Zemski. Because love is blind, Van fails to see that Andrey Vinelander (Ada's husband) and Ada have at least two children and that Ronald Oranger (old Van's secretary, the editor of Ada) and Violet Knox (old Van's typist whom Ada calls Fialochka, "little Violet," and who marries Ronald Oranger after Van's and Ada's death) are Ada's grandchildren. According to Ada, she saw the verse 'Far enough, fair enough' in small violet letters before Van put it into orange ones:
Ada said: 'Officially we are maternal cousins, and cousins can marry by special decree, if they promise to sterilize their first five children. But, moreover, the father-in-law of my mother was the brother of your grandfather. Right?'
'That's what I'm told,' said Van serenely.
'Not sufficiently distant,' she mused, 'or is it?'
'Far enough, fair enough.'
'Funny - I saw that verse in small violet letters before you put it into orange ones - just one second before you spoke. Spoke, smoke. Like the puff preceding a distant cannon shot.' (1.24)
Nochnaya fialka ("The Night Violet," 1906) is a poem in blank verse by Alexander Blok. In his poem Peterburg ("St. Petersburg," 1923) written in blank verse VN mentions the cannon on a bastion fort of the Peter-and-Paul Fortress that shoots at noon:
Мне чудится в Рождественское утро
мой лёгкий, мой воздушный Петербург...
Я странствую по набережной... Солнце
взошло туманной розой. Пухлым слоем
снег тянется по выпуклым перилам.
И рысаки под сетками цветными
проносятся, как сказочные птицы;
а вдалеке, за ширью снежной, тают
в лазури сизой розовые струи
над кровлями; как призрак золотистый,
мерцает крепость (в полдень бухнет пушка:
сперва дымок, потом раскат звенящий);
и на снегу зелёной бирюзою
горят квадраты вырезанных льдин.
"At noon the cannon thunders:
First comes the smoke, then there's a ringing peal."