Describing Villa Venus (Eric Veen's floramors), Van Veen (the narrator and main character in VN's novel Ada, 1969) mentions a roof tile that was hurled at Eric by hurricane and fatally fractured his skull:
In the spring of 1869, David van Veen, a wealthy architect of Flemish extraction (in no way related to the Veens of our rambling romance), escaped uninjured when the motorcar he was driving from Cannes to Calais blew a front tire on a frost-blazed road and tore into a parked furniture van; his daughter sitting beside him was instantly killed by a suitcase sailing into her from behind and breaking her neck. In his London studio her husband, an unbalanced, unsuccessful painter (ten years older than his father-in-law whom he envied and despised) shot himself upon receiving the news by cablegram from a village in Normandy called, dreadfully, Deuil.
The momentum of disaster lost none of its speed, for neither did Eric, a boy of fifteen, despite all the care and adoration which his grandfather surrounded him with, escape a freakish fate: a fate strangely similar to his mother’s.
After being removed from Note to a small private school in Vaud Canton and then spending a consumptive summer in the Maritime Alps, he was sent to Ex-en-Valais, whose crystal air was supposed at the time to strengthen young lungs; instead of which its worst hurricane hurled a roof tile at him, fatally fracturing his skull. Among the boy’s belongings David van Veen found a number of poems and the draft of an essay entitled 'Villa Venus: an Organized Dream.’ (1.3)
French for "roof tile," tuile also means "sudden trouble." In a letter of January 14, 1862, to Afanasiy Fet Ivan Turgenev mentions the unexpected cherepitsa (tuile, as the French say) that suddenly fell on Fet's (bald) head:
"Любезнейший Афанасий Афанасьевич, прежде всего я чувствую потребность извиниться перед Вами в той совершенно неожиданной черепице (tuile, как говорят французы), которая Вам свалилась на голову по милости моего письма. Одно, что меня утешает несколько, это то, что я никак не мог предвидеть подобную выходку Толстого и думал всё уладить к лучшему; оказывается, что это такая рана, до которой уже лучше не прикасаться. Ещё раз прошу у Вас извинения в моём невольном грехе."
In the last days of May, 1861, Turgenev and Tolstoy quarrelled and it nearly came to a duel. By "tuile" Turgenev alludes to his previous letter (of January 7, 1862) to Fet (who must have passed its contents to Tolstoy goading him into fury), in which he wrote that he and Tolstoy should live on as if they were existing on different planets or in different centuries (cf. "a gap of up to a hundred years one way or another existed between the two earths [Terra and Antiterra]"):
"Нам следует жить, как будто мы существуем на различных планетах или в различных столетиях."
Eric Veen derived his project from reading too many erotic works found in a furnished house his grandfather had bought near Vence from Count Tolstoy, a Russian or Pole:
To put it bluntly, the boy had sought to solace his first sexual torments by imagining and detailing a project (derived from reading too many erotic works found in a furnished house his grandfather had bought near Vence from Count Tolstoy, a Russian or Pole): namely, a chain of palatial brothels that his inheritance would allow him to establish all over ‘both hemispheres of our callipygian globe.’ The little chap saw it as a kind of fashionable club, with branches, or, in his poetical phrase, ‘Floramors,’ in the vicinity of cities and spas. Membership was to be restricted to noblemen, ‘handsome and healthy,’ with an age limit of fifty (which must be praised as very broadminded on the poor kid’s part), paying a yearly fee of 3650 guineas not counting the cost of bouquets, jewels and other gallant donations. Resident female physicians, good-looking and young (‘of the American secretarial or dentist-assistant type’), would be there to check the intimate physical condition of ‘the caresser and the caressed’ (another felicitous formula) as well as their own if ‘the need arose,’ One clause in the Rules of the Club seemed to indicate that Eric, though frenziedly heterosexual, had enjoyed some tender ersatz fumblings with schoolmates at Note (a notorious preparatory school in that respect): at least two of the maximum number of fifty inmates in the major floramors might be pretty boys, wearing frontlets and short smocks, not older than fourteen if fair, and not more than twelve if dark. However, in order to exclude a regular flow of ‘inveterate pederasts,’ boy love could be dabbled in by the jaded guest only between two sequences of three girls each, all possessed in the course of the same week — a somewhat comical, but not unshrewd, stipulation. (1.3)
According to Van, all the hundred floramors opened simultaneously on September 20, 1875:
His nephew and heir, an honest but astoundingly stuffy clothier in Ruinen (somewhere near Zwolle, I’m told), with a large family and a small trade, was not cheated out of the millions of guldens, about the apparent squandering of which he had been consulting mental specialists during the last ten years or so. All the hundred floramors opened simultaneously on September 20, 1875 (and by a delicious coincidence the old Russian word for September, ‘ryuen’, which might have spelled ‘ruin,’ also echoed the name of the ecstatic Neverlander’s hometown). By the beginning of the new century the Venus revenues were pouring in (their final gush, it is true). A tattling tabloid reported, around 1890, that out of gratitude and curiosity ‘Velvet’ Veen traveled once — and only once — to the nearest floramor with his entire family — and it is also said that Guillaume de Monparnasse indignantly rejected an offer from Hollywood to base a screenplay on that dignified and hilarious excursion. Mere rumours, no doubt. (ibid.)
In a letter of 7/19 September, 1875, to N. V. Khanykov Turgenev says that on the next day (September 20, 1875, NS) he will move to the new-built chalet at his and Viardot's villa Les frênes ("The Ash Trees") in Bougival:
Я Вас приму в новом своём доме, куда завтра переселяюсь, а г-н и г-жа Виардо будут очень довольны, если Вы при сей оказии останетесь у них обедать, и просят меня пригласить Вас, так же как Салтыкова и Соллогуба.
K Venere Meditseyskoy ("To Medici Venus," 1838) is a poem by Turgenev:
Богиня красоты, любви и наслажденья!
Давно минувших дней, другого поколенья
Пленительный завет!
Эллады пламенной любимое созданье,
Какою негою, каким очарованьем
Твой светлый миф одет!
Не наше чадо ты! Нет, пылким детям Юга
Одним дано испить любовного недуга
Палящее вино!
Созданьем выразить душе родное чувство
В прекрасной полноте изящного искусства
Судьбою им дано!
Но нам их бурный жар и чужд и непонятен;
Язык любви, страстей нам более не внятен;
Душой увяли мы.
Они ж, беспечные, три цели знали в жизни:
Пленялись славою, на смерть шли за отчизну,
Всё забывали для любви.
В роскошной Греции, оливами покрытой,
Где небо так светло, там только, Афродита,
Явиться ты могла,
Где так роскошно Кипр покоится на волнах,
И где таким огнем гречанок стройных полны
Восточные глаза!
Как я люблю тот вымысел прекрасный!
Был день; земля ждала чего-то; сладострастно
К равнине водяной
Припал зефир: в тот миг таинственный и нежный
Родилась Красота из пены белоснежной —
И стала над волной!
И говорят, тогда, в томительном желанье,
К тебе, как будто бы ища твоих лобзаний,
Нагнулся неба свод;
Зефир тебя ласкал эфирными крылами;
К твоим ногам, почтительно, грядами
Стремилась бездна вод!
Тебя приял Олимп! Плененный грек тобою
И неба и земли назвал тебя душою,
Богиня красоты!1
Прекрасен был твой храм — в долине сокровенной
Ветвями тополя и мирта осененный,
В сиянии луны,
Когда хор жриц твоих (меж тем как фимиама
Благоуханный дым под белый купол храма
Торжественно летел,
Меж тем как тайные свершались возлиянья)
На языке родном, роскошном, как лобзанье,
Восторга гимны пел!
Уже давно во прах твои упали храмы;
Умолкли хоры дев; дым легкий фимиама
Развеяла гроза.
Сын знойной Азии рукою дерзновенной
Разбил твой нежный лик, и грек изнеможенный
Не защитил тебя!
Но снова под резцом возникла ты, богиня!
Когда в последний раз, как будто бы святыни
Трепещущим резцом
Коснулся Пракситель до своего созданья,
Проснулся жизни дух в бесчувственном ваянье
Стал мрамор божеством!
И снова мы к тебе стекаемся толпами;
Молчание храня, с поднятыми очами,
Любуемся тобой;
Ты снова царствуешь! Сынов страны далекой,
Ты покорила их пластической, высокой —
Своей бессмертной красотой!
1Alma mundi Venus… (Turgenev's note)
Fet is the author of Venera Milosskaya ("Venus of Milo," 1856):
И целомудренно и смело,
До чресл сияя наготой,
Цветет божественное тело
Неувядающей красой.
Под этой сенью прихотливой
Слегка приподнятых волос
Как много неги горделивой
В небесном лике разлилось!
Так, вся дыша пафосской страстью,
Вся млея пеною морской
И всепобедной вея властью,
Ты смотришь в вечность пред собой.
In cherepitsa (Russian for "roof tile") there is cherep (Russian for "skull"). In his Epistle to Delvig (1827) Pushkin describes the history of the skull of Delvig's ancestor, a German Baron from Riga, and mentions the medical student who needed a skeleton:
Студент, однако ж, наконец
Заметил важный недостаток
В своем быту: ему предмет
Необходимый был... скелет,
Предмет, философам любезный,
Предмет приятный и полезный
Для глаз и сердца, слова нет;
Но где достанет он скелет?
Describing his first visit to Villa Venus, Van mentions Eric's skeleton:
Because the particular floramor that I visited for the first time on becoming a member of the Villa Venus Club (not long before my second summer with my Ada in the arbors of Ardis) is today, after many vicissitudes, the charming country house of a Chose don whom I respect, and his charming family (charming wife and a triplet of charming twelve-year-old daughters, Ala, Lolá and Lalage — especially Lalage), I cannot name it — though my dearest reader insists I have mentioned it somewhere before.
I have frequented bordels since my sixteenth year, but although some of the better ones, especially in France and Ireland, rated a triple red symbol in Nugg’s guidebook, nothing about them pre-announced the luxury and mollitude of my first Villa Venus. It was the difference between a den and an Eden.
Three Egyptian squaws, dutifully keeping in profile (long ebony eye, lovely snub, braided black mane, honey-hued faro frock, thin amber arms, Negro bangles, doughnut earring of gold bisected by a pleat of the mane, Red Indian hairband, ornamental bib), lovingly borrowed by Eric Veen from a reproduction of a Theban fresco (no doubt pretty banal in 1420 B.C.), printed in Germany (Künstlerpostkarte Nr. 6034, says cynical Dr Lagosse), prepared me by means of what parched Eric called ‘exquisite manipulations of certain nerves whose position and power are known only to a few ancient sexologists,’ accompanied by the no less exquisite application of certain ointments, not too specifically mentioned in the pornolore of Eric’s Orientalia, for receiving a scared little virgin, the descendant of an Irish king, as Eric was told in his last dream in Ex, Switzerland, by a master of funerary rather than fornicatory ceremonies.
Those preparations proceeded in such sustained, unendurably delicious rhythms that Eric dying in his sleep and Van throbbing with foul life on a rococo couch (three miles south of Bedford) could not imagine how those three young ladies, now suddenly divested of their clothes (a well-known oneirotic device), could manage to draw out a prelude that kept one so long on the very lip of its resolution. I lay supine and felt twice the size I had ever been (senescent nonsense, says science!) when finally six gentle hands attempted to ease la gosse, trembling Adada, upon the terrible tool. Silly pity — a sentiment I rarely experience — caused my desire to droop, and I had her carried away to a feast of peach tarts and cream. The Egypsies looked disconcerted, but very soon perked up. I summoned all the twenty hirens of the house (including the sweet-lipped, glossy chinned darling) into my resurrected presence. After considerable examination, after much flattering of haunches and necks, I chose a golden Gretchen, a pale Andalusian, and a black belle from New Orleans. The handmaids pounced upon them like pards and, having empasmed them with not unlesbian zest, turned the three rather melancholy graces over to me. The towel given me to wipe off the sweat that filmed my face and stung my eyes could have been cleaner. I raised my voice, I had the reluctant accursed casement wrenched wide open. A lorry had got stuck in the mud of a forbidden and unfinished road, and its groans and exertions dissipated the bizarre gloom. Only one of the girls stung me right in the soul, but I went through all three of them grimly and leisurely, ‘changing mounts in midstream’ (Eric’s advice) before ending every time in the grip of the ardent Ardillusian, who said as we parted, after one last spasm (although non-erotic chitchat was against the rules), that her father had constructed the swimming pool on the estate of Demon Veen’s cousin.
It was now all over. The lorry had gone or had drowned, and Eric was a skeleton in the most expensive corner of the Ex cemetery (‘But then, all cemeteries are ex,’ remarked a jovial ‘protestant’ priest), between an anonymous alpinist and my stillborn double. (1.3)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): Künstlerpostkarte: Germ., art picture postcards.
la gosse: the little girl.
On the other hand, Villa Venus brings to mind Gogol's fragment Nochi na ville ("Nights at the Villa," 1839). Turgenev is the author of Gogol's obituary (1852).
In Pushkin's poem Kleopatra ("Cleopatra," 1828) sometimes included in Pushkin's unfinished novella Egipetskie nochi ("The Egyptian Nights," 1835) Cleopatra (who sells her nights) addresses moshchnaya Kiprida (the powerful Cypris) and bogi groznogo Aida (the gods of terrible Hades):
— Клянусь… — о матерь наслаждений,
Тебе неслыханно служу,
На ложе страстных искушений
Простой наёмницей всхожу.
Внемли же, мощная Киприда,
И вы, подземные цари,
О боги грозного Аида,
Клянусь — до утренней зари
Моих властителей желанья
Я сладострастно утомлю
И всеми тайнами лобзанья
И дивной негой утолю.
Но только утренней порфирой
Аврора вечная блеснёт,
Клянусь — под смертною секирой
Глава счастливцев отпадёт.
The powerful Cypris is Aphrodite (the ancient Greek goddess of love who corresponds to Latin Venus). When Van and Ada look at the photographs in Kim Beauharnais's album, Van tells Ada that he met Alonso's sweet sad daughter at a Cyprian party:
A photograph of an oval painting, considerably diminished, portrayed Princess Sophia Zemski as she was at twenty, in 1775, with her two children (Marina’s grandfather born in 1772, and Demon’s grandmother, born in 1773).
‘I don’t seem to remember it,’ said Van, ‘where did it hang?’
‘In Marina’s boudoir. And do you know who this bum in the frock coat is?’
‘Looks to me like a poor print cut out of a magazine. Who’s he?’
‘Sumerechnikov! He took sumerographs of Uncle Vanya years ago.’
‘The Twilight before the Lumières. Hey, and here’s Alonso, the swimming-pool expert. I met his sweet sad daughter at a Cyprian party — she felt and smelt and melted like you. The strong charm of coincidence.’
‘I’m not interested. Now comes a little boy.’
‘Zdraste, Ivan Dementievich,’ said Van, greeting his fourteen-year-old self, shirtless, in shorts, aiming a conical missile at the marble fore-image of a Crimean girl doomed to offer an everlasting draught of marble water to a dying marine from her bullet-chipped jar. (2.7)
Darkbloom ('Notes to Ada'): Sumerechnikov: His name comes from Russ., sumerki, twilight; see also p.37.
zdraste: abbrev. form of zdravstvuyte, the ordinary Russian greeting.
In 'Ursus' (the best Franco-Estotian restaurant in Manhattan Major) Van, Ada and Lucette listen to songs based on Fet's and Turgenev's verses:
Here Van stood up again, as Ada, black fan in elegant motion, came back followed by a thousand eyes, while the opening bars of a romance (on Fet’s glorious Siyala noch’) started to run over the keys (and the bass coughed à la russe into his fist before starting):
A radiant night, a moon-filled garden. Beams
Lay at our feet. The drawing room, unlit;
Wide open, the grand piano; and our hearts
Throbbed to your song, as throbbed the strings in it...
Then Banoffsky launched into Glinka’s great amphibrachs (Mihail Ivanovich had been a summer guest at Ardis when their uncle was still alive — a green bench existed where the composer was said to have sat under the pseudoacacias especially often, mopping his ample brow):
Subside, agitation of passion!
Then other singers took over with sadder and sadder ballads — ‘The tender kisses are forgotten,’ and ‘The time was early in the spring, the grass was barely sprouting,’ and ‘Many songs have I heard in the land of my birth: Some in sorrow were sung, some in gladness,’ and the spuriously populist
There’s a crag on the Ross, overgrown with wild moss
On all sides, from the lowest to highest...
and a series of viatic plaints such as the more modestly anapestic:
In a monotone tinkles the yoke-bell,
And the roadway is dusting a bit...
And that obscurely corrupted soldier rot of singular genius
Nadezhda, I shall then be back
When the true batch outboys the riot...
and Turgenev’s only memorable lyrical poem beginning
Morning so nebulous, morning gray-drowning,
Reaped fields so sorrowful under snow coverings
and naturally the celebrated pseudo-gipsy guitar piece by Apollon Grigoriev (another friend of Uncle Ivan’s)
O you, at least, do talk to me,
My seven-stringed companion,
Such yearning ache invades my soul,
Such moonlight fills the canyon! (2.8)
Ursus is the traveling artist in Victor Hugo's novel L'homme qui rit ("The Man Who Laughs," 1869). Among the people who frequent floramors is King Victor (Mr Ritcov or Vrotic):
Demon’s father (and very soon Demon himself), and Lord Erminin, and a Mr Ritcov, and Count Peter de Prey, and Mire de Mire, Esq., and Baron Azzuroscudo were all members of the first Venus Club Council; but it was bashful, obese, big-nosed Mr Ritcov’s visits that really thrilled the girls and filled the vicinity with detectives who dutifully impersonated hedge-cutters, grooms, horses, tall milkmaids, new statues, old drunks and so forth, while His Majesty dallied, in a special chair built for his weight and whims, with this or that sweet subject of the realm, white, black or brown. (2.3)
In 1905 a glancing blow was dealt Villa Venus from another quarter. The personage we have called Ritcov or Vrotic had been induced by the ailings of age to withdraw his patronage. However, one night he suddenly arrived, looking again as ruddy as the proverbial fiddle; but after the entire staff of his favorite floramor near Bath had worked in vain on him till an ironic Hesperus rose in a milkman’s humdrum sky, the wretched sovereign of one-half of the globe called for the Shell Pink Book, wrote in it a line that Seneca had once composed:
subsidunt montes et juga celsa ruunt,
— and departed, weeping. About the same time a respectable Lesbian who conducted a Villa Venus at Souvenir, the beautiful Missouri spa, throttled with her own hands (she had been a Russian weightlifter) two of her most beautiful and valuable charges. It was all rather sad. (ibid.)
Before he falls asleep and dreams of Villa Venus, Van mentions one hund, red dog:
A sense of otiose emptiness was all Van derived from those contacts with Literature. Even while writing his book, he had become painfully aware how little he knew his own planet while attempting to piece together another one from jagged bits filched from deranged brains. He decided that after completing his medical studies at Kingston (which he found more congenial than good old Chose) he would undertake long travels in South America, Africa, India. As a boy of fifteen (Eric Veen’s age of florescence) he had studied with a poet’s passion the time-table of three great American transcontinental trains that one day he would take — not alone (now alone). From Manhattan, via Mephisto, El Paso, Meksikansk and the Panama Chunnel, the dark-red New World Express reached Brazilia and Witch (or Viedma, founded by a Russian admiral). There it split into two parts, the eastern one continuing to Grant’s Horn, and the western returning north through Valparaiso and Bogota. On alternate days the fabulous journey began in Yukonsk, a two-way section going to the Atlantic seaboard, while another, via California and Central America, roared into Uruguay. The dark blue African Express began in London and reached the Cape by three different routes, through Nigero, Rodosia or Ephiopia. Finally, the brown Orient Express joined London to Ceylon and Sydney, via Turkey and several Chunnels. It is not clear, when you are falling asleep, why all continents except you begin with an A.
Those three admirable trains included at least two carriages in which a fastidious traveler could rent a bedroom with bath and water closet, and a drawing room with a piano or a harp. The length of the journey varied according to Van’s predormient mood when at Eric’s age he imagined the landscapes unfolding all along his comfortable, too comfortable, fauteuil. Through rain forests and mountain canyons and other fascinating places (oh, name them! Can’t — falling asleep), the room moved as slowly as fifteen miles per hour but across desertorum or agricultural drearies it attained seventy, ninety-seven night-nine, one hund, red dog — (2.2)
The main character in Turgenev's novel Ottsy i deti ("Fathers and Sons," 1862), Bazarov sees red dogs in his deathbed delirium:
— Ну, это дудки. Но не в том дело. Я не ожидал, что так скоро умру; это случайность, очень, по правде сказать, неприятная. Вы оба с матерью должны теперь воспользоваться тем, что в вас религия сильна; вот вам случай поставить ее на пробу. — Он отпил еще немного воды. — А я хочу попросить тебя об одной вещи... пока еще моя голова в моей власти. Завтра или послезавтра мозг мой, ты знаешь, в отставку подаст. Я и теперь не совсем уверен, ясно ли я выражаюсь. Пока я лежал, мне все казалось, что вокруг меня красные собаки бегали, а ты надо мной стойку делал, как над тетеревом. Точно я пьяный. Ты хорошо меня понимаешь?
"Oh, that's rubbish. And it's not the point. I never expected to die so soon; it's a chance, a very unpleasant one, to tell the truth. You and mother must now take advantage of your strong religious faith; here's an opportunity of putting it to the test." He drank a little more water. "But I want to ask you one thing--while my brain is still under control. Tomorrow or, the day after, you know, my brain will cease to function. I'm not quite certain even now, if I'm expressing myself clearly. While I was lying here I kept on imagining that red dogs were running round me, and you made them point at me, as if I were a blackcock. I thought I was drunk. Do you understand me all right?" (Chapter XXVII)