In VN¡¯s novel Pale Fire (1962) Kinbote (Shade¡¯s mad commentator who imagines that he is Charles the Beloved, the last self-exiled king of Zembla) quotes a Zemblan saying in which a beautiful woman is compared to a compass rose:
In Zembla, where most females are freckled blondes, we have the saying: belwif ivurkumpf wid snew ebanumf, "A beautiful woman should be like a compass rose of ivory with four parts of ebony." And this was the trim scheme nature had followed in Disa¡¯s case. (note to Lines 433-434)
In his essay Simvoly krasoty u russkikh pisateley (¡°The Symbols of Beauty in the Works of Russian Writers¡±) included in ¡°The Second Book of Reflections¡± (1909) I. Annenski says that Stendhal somewhere calls beauty ¡°the promise of happiness:¡±
¬³¬ä¬Ö¬ß¬Õ¬Ñ¬Ý¬î ¬Ô¬Õ¬Ö-¬ä¬à ¬ß¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ó¬Ñ¬Ý ¬Ü¬â¬Ñ¬ã¬à¬ä¬å ¬à¬Ò¬Ö¬ë¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Ö¬Þ ¬ã¬é¬Ñ¬ã¬ä¬î¬ñ (la promesse de bonheur). ¬£ ¬ï¬ä¬à¬Þ ¬á¬â¬Ú¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Ú ¬Ú ¬Þ¬à¬Ø¬ß¬à ¬ß¬Ñ¬Û¬ä¬Ú ¬à¬Õ¬Ú¬ß ¬Ú¬Ù ¬Ü¬Ý¬ð¬é¬Ö¬Û ¬Ü ¬á¬à¬ß¬Ú¬Þ¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬ð ¬á¬à¬ï¬ä¬Ú¬é¬Ö¬ã¬Ü¬à¬Û ¬Ü¬à¬ß¬è¬Ö¬á¬è¬Ú¬Ú ¬Ü¬â¬Ñ¬ã¬à¬ä¬í ¬Ó¬à¬à¬Ò¬ë¬Ö. ¬¬¬â¬Ñ¬ã¬à¬ä¬Ñ ¬Õ¬Ý¬ñ ¬á¬à¬ï¬ä¬Ñ ¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬î ¬Ú¬Ý¬Ú ¬Ü¬â¬Ñ¬ã¬à¬ä¬Ñ ¬Ø¬Ö¬ß¬ë¬Ú¬ß¬í, ¬Ú¬Ý¬Ú ¬Ü¬â¬Ñ¬ã¬à¬ä¬Ñ ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬Ø¬Ö¬ß¬ë¬Ú¬ß¬Ñ. (I)
According to Annenski, for a poet beauty is either the beauty of a woman or beauty as a woman.
In a letter of August 24, 1831, to Pushkin Vyazemski says that he allows Pushkin to kiss his sokurnosaya bel¡¯-syorka (¡°my belle-s©«ur who is, like me, snub-nosed¡±) and asks Pushkin if he has read Stendhal¡¯s novel Le Rouge et le Noir (¡°The Red and the Black,¡± 1830):
¬©¬ß¬Ñ¬Ö¬ê¬î ¬Ý¬Ú, ¬ã¬Ý¬å¬ç¬Ú ¬ß¬à¬ã¬ñ¬ä¬ã¬ñ, ¬é¬ä¬à ¬ä¬í ¬à¬é¬Ö¬ß¬î ¬â¬Ö¬Ó¬ß¬Ú¬Ó? ¬Á, ¬Ö¬ã¬Ý¬Ú ¬Ø¬Ö¬ß¬Ñ ¬ä¬Ó¬à¬ñ ¬ß¬Ö ¬â¬Ö¬Ó¬ß¬Ú¬Ó¬Ñ, ¬á¬à¬Ù¬Ó¬à¬Ý¬ñ¬ð ¬ä¬Ö¬Ò¬Ö ¬á¬à¬è¬Ñ¬Ý¬à¬Ó¬Ñ¬ä¬î ¬Þ¬à¬ð ¬ã¬à¬Ü¬å¬â¬ß¬à¬ã¬å¬ð ¬Ò¬Ö¬Ý¬î-¬ã¬×¬â¬Ü¬å. ¬°¬ß¬Ñ ¬à¬ä¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ä¬î¬ã¬ñ ¬ß¬Ö ¬Þ¬à¬Ø¬Ö¬ä, ¬Ú¬Ò¬à ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä ¬Þ¬à¬Ú ¬á¬â¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ñ ¬ß¬Ñ¬Õ ¬ß¬Ö¬ð. — ¬¹¬Ú¬ä¬Ñ¬Ý ¬Ý¬Ú ¬ä¬í le noir et le rouge? ¬©¬Ñ¬Þ¬Ö¬é¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ß¬à¬Ö ¬ä¬Ó¬à¬â¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬Ö.
In a letter of April 8, 1836, to Alexander Turgenev Vyazemski says that last Saturday at Zhukovski¡¯s Gogol read his story about the nose that suddenly disappeared from the face of a collegiate assessor:
¬³¬å¬Ò¬Ò¬à¬ä¬í ¬¨¬å¬Ü¬à¬Ó¬ã¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬à ¬á¬â¬à¬è¬Ó¬Ö¬ä¬Ñ¬ð¬ä, ¬ß¬à ¬Õ¬Ñ¬Ó¬ß¬à ¬Ò¬Ö¬Ù ¬á¬Ú¬ã¬Ö¬Þ ¬ä¬Ó¬à¬Ú¬ç. ¬°¬Õ¬Ú¬ß ¬¤¬à¬Ô¬à¬Ý¬î, ¬Ü¬à¬ä¬à¬â¬à¬Ô¬à ¬¨¬å¬Ü¬à¬Ó¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬Û ¬ß¬Ñ¬Ù¬í¬Ó¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä ¬¤¬à¬Ô¬à¬Ý¬×¬Ü (¬ß¬Ú¬Ü¬ä¬à ¬ß¬Ö ¬â¬Ñ¬Ó¬ß¬ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬ã ¬¨¬å¬Ü¬à¬Ó¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬Þ ¬Ó ¬á¬Ö¬â¬Ö¬Ü¬à¬Ó¬Ö¬â¬Ü¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Ú ¬Ú¬Þ¬×¬ß; ¬á¬à¬Þ¬ß¬Ú¬ê¬î ¬Ý¬Ú, ¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬Õ¬Ñ ¬à¬ß ¬Ù¬Ó¬Ñ¬Ý ¬¥¬Ñ¬ê¬Ü¬à¬Ó¬Ñ ¬¥¬Ñ¬ê¬Ö¬ß¬î¬Ü¬à¬ð?) ¬à¬Ø¬Ú¬Ó¬Ý¬ñ¬Ö¬ä ¬Ú¬ç ¬ã¬Ó¬à¬Ú¬Þ¬Ú ¬â¬Ñ¬ã¬ã¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Þ¬Ú. ¬£ ¬á¬à¬ã¬Ý¬Ö¬Õ¬ß¬ð¬ð ¬ã¬å¬Ò¬Ò¬à¬ä¬å ¬é¬Ú¬ä¬Ñ¬Ý ¬à¬ß ¬ß¬Ñ¬Þ ¬á¬à¬Ó¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬î ¬à¬Ò ¬ß¬à¬ã¬Ö, ¬Ü¬à¬ä¬à¬â¬í¬Û ¬á¬â¬à¬á¬Ñ¬Ý ¬ã ¬Ý¬Ú¬è¬Ñ ¬ß¬Ö¬à¬Ø¬Ú¬Õ¬Ñ¬ß¬ß¬à ¬å ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬à-¬ä¬à ¬Ü¬à¬Ý¬Ý¬Ö¬Ø¬ã¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬à ¬Ñ¬ã¬Ö¬ã¬ã¬à¬â¬Ñ ¬Ú ¬à¬é¬å¬ä¬Ú¬Ý¬ã¬ñ ¬á¬à¬ã¬Ý¬Ö ¬Ó ¬¬¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ß¬ã¬Ü¬à¬Þ ¬ã¬à¬Ò¬à¬â¬Ö ¬Ó ¬Þ¬å¬ß¬Õ¬Ú¬â¬Ö ¬Þ¬Ú¬ß¬Ú¬ã¬ä¬Ö¬â¬ã¬ä¬Ó¬Ñ ¬á¬â¬à¬ã¬Ó¬Ö¬ë¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ. ¬µ¬Þ¬à¬â¬Ú¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ß¬à ¬ã¬Þ¬Ö¬ê¬ß¬à. ¬®¬ß¬à¬Ô¬à ¬ß¬Ñ¬ã¬ä¬à¬ñ¬ë¬Ö¬Ô¬à [¬ð¬Þ¬à¬â¬Ñ].
According to Vyazemski, Gogol¡¯s story is incredibly funny. There is a lot of true humor.
The first essay in Annenski¡¯s Kniga otrazheniy (¡°The Book of Reflections,¡± 1906) is entitled Problema gogolevskogo yumora (¡°The Problem of Gogol¡¯s Humor¡±). In the first part of his essay Nik. T-o (Annenski¡¯s penname) discusses Gogol¡¯s story Nos (¡°The Nose,¡± 1835).
In Gogol¡¯s Myortvye dushi (¡°Dead Souls,¡± 1842) two ladies discuss fashions and Sofia Ivanovna (¡°the simply agreeable lady¡±) uses the phrase sovershennaya bel-fam (a perfect belle-femme):
- ¬®¬Ú¬Ý¬à, ¬¡¬ß¬ß¬Ñ ¬¤¬â¬Ú¬Ô¬à¬â¬î¬Ö¬Ó¬ß¬Ñ, ¬Õ¬à ¬ß¬Ö¬Ó¬Ö¬â¬à¬ñ¬ä¬ß¬à¬ã¬ä¬Ú; ¬ê¬î¬×¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬Ó ¬Õ¬Ó¬Ñ ¬â¬å¬Ò¬é¬Ú¬Ü¬Ñ: ¬ê¬Ú¬â¬à¬Ü¬Ú¬Ö ¬á¬â¬à¬Û¬Þ¬í ¬Ú ¬ã¬Ó¬Ö¬â¬ç¬å... ¬¯¬à ¬Ó¬à¬ä, ¬Ó¬à¬ä ¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬Õ¬Ñ ¬Ó¬í ¬Ú¬Ù¬å¬Þ¬Ú¬ä¬Ö¬ã¬î, ¬Ó¬à¬ä ¬å¬Ø ¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬Õ¬Ñ ¬ã¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ø¬Ö¬ä¬Ö, ¬é¬ä¬à... ¬¯¬å, ¬Ú¬Ù¬å¬Þ¬Ý¬ñ¬Û¬ä¬Ö¬ã¬î: ¬Ó¬à¬à¬Ò¬â¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ú¬ä¬Ö, ¬Ý¬Ú¬æ¬é¬Ú¬Ü¬Ú ¬á¬à¬ê¬Ý¬Ú ¬Ö¬ë¬× ¬Õ¬Ý¬Ú¬ß¬ß¬Ö¬Ö, ¬Ó¬á¬Ö¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬Ú ¬Þ¬í¬ã¬Ü¬à¬Þ, ¬Ú ¬á¬Ö¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬ß¬ñ¬ñ ¬Ü¬à¬ã¬ä¬à¬é¬Ü¬Ñ ¬ã¬à¬Ó¬ã¬Ö¬Þ ¬Ó¬í¬ç¬à¬Õ¬Ú¬ä ¬Ú¬Ù ¬Ô¬â¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬è; ¬ð¬Ò¬Ü¬Ñ ¬Ó¬ã¬ñ ¬ã¬à¬Ò¬Ú¬â¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬Ó¬à¬Ü¬â¬å¬Ô, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü, ¬Ò¬í¬Ó¬Ñ¬Ý¬à, ¬Ó ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬â¬Ú¬ß¬å ¬æ¬Ú¬Ø¬Þ¬í, ¬Õ¬Ñ¬Ø¬Ö ¬ã¬Ù¬Ñ¬Õ¬Ú ¬ß¬Ö¬Þ¬ß¬à¬Ø¬Ü¬à ¬á¬à¬Õ¬Ü¬Ý¬Ñ¬Õ¬í¬Ó¬Ñ¬ð¬ä ¬Ó¬Ñ¬ä¬í, ¬é¬ä¬à¬Ò¬í ¬Ò¬í¬Ý¬Ñ ¬ã¬à¬Ó¬Ö¬â¬ê¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬Ñ¬ñ ¬Ò¬Ö¬Ý¬î-¬æ¬Ñ¬Þ.
Duchess of Payn, of Great Payn and Moan, Queen Disa seems to blend Leonardo¡¯s Mona Lisa with Desdemona (Othello¡¯s wife in Shakespeare¡¯s Othello). In his essay Drama na dne (¡°The Drama at the Bottom¡±) included in ¡°The Book of Reflections¡± Annenski speaks of Gorky¡¯s play Na dne (¡°At the Bottom,¡± 1902) and mentions the ancient Fate that tore out the eyes of Oedipus and strangled Desdemona:
¬³¬Ñ¬Þ¬à¬Ö ¬¥¬ß¬à ¬¤¬à¬â¬î¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬à, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬ï¬Ý¬Ö¬Þ¬Ö¬ß¬ä ¬ä¬â¬Ñ¬Ô¬Ö¬Õ¬Ú¬Ú, ¬ß¬Ö ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Õ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ý¬ñ¬Ö¬ä ¬ß¬Ú¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü¬à¬Û ¬ß¬à¬Ó¬à¬ã¬ä¬Ú. ¬¿¬ä¬à ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬â¬Ú¬ß¬ß¬Ñ¬ñ ¬ã¬å¬Õ¬î¬Ò¬Ñ, ¬ä¬Ñ eimarmenh, ¬Ü¬à¬ä¬à¬â¬Ñ¬ñ ¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬Õ¬Ñ-¬ä¬à ¬Ó¬í¬â¬Ó¬Ñ¬Ý¬Ñ ¬Ô¬Ý¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ñ ¬¿¬Õ¬Ú¬á¬å ¬Ú ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Õ¬å¬ê¬Ú¬Ý¬Ñ ¬¥¬Ö¬Ù¬Õ¬Ö¬Þ¬à¬ß¬å, -- ¬ä¬à¬Ý¬î¬Ü¬à ¬ä¬Ö¬á¬Ö¬â¬î ¬à¬ß¬Ñ ¬à¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ù¬í¬Ó¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬Õ¬à¬Ó¬à¬Ý¬î¬ß¬à ¬ß¬Ñ¬é¬Ú¬ä¬Ñ¬ß¬ß¬à¬Û ¬ç¬å¬Õ¬à¬Ø¬ß¬Ú¬è¬Ö¬Û du nouveau genre, ¬Ú ¬ß¬Ñ ¬Ö¬× ¬á¬Ñ¬Ý¬Ú¬ä¬â¬Ö ¬Þ¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬Ü¬Ñ¬ð¬ä ¬ß¬Ö ¬Ó¬Ú¬Õ¬Ñ¬ß¬ß¬í¬Ö ¬Õ¬à¬ä¬à¬Ý¬Ö ¬Ü¬â¬Ñ¬ã¬Ü¬Ú ¬Ó¬í¬â¬à¬Ø¬Õ¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬ñ, ¬á¬à¬â¬à¬é¬ß¬à¬Û ¬ß¬Ñ¬ã¬Ý¬Ö¬Õ¬ã¬ä¬Ó¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬à¬ã¬ä¬Ú ¬Ú ¬Ø¬Ö¬Ý¬Ö¬Ù¬ß¬í¬ç ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Ü¬à¬ß¬à¬Ó ¬â¬í¬ß¬Ü¬Ñ.
One of the inhabitants of the doss-house in Gorky¡¯s play is Bubnov. The characters of VN¡¯s novel Podvig (¡°Glory,¡± 1932) include the writer Bubnov. The hero of Bubnov¡¯s fourth book is Christopher Columbus – or, rather, a Russian scribe who participated in Columbus¡¯ expedition:
¬±¬Ú¬ã¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î ¬¢¬å¬Ò¬ß¬à¬Ó, — ¬Ó¬ã¬Ö¬Ô¬Õ¬Ñ ¬ã ¬å¬Õ¬à¬Ó¬à¬Ý¬î¬ã¬ä¬Ó¬Ú¬Ö¬Þ ¬à¬ä¬Þ¬Ö¬é¬Ñ¬Ó¬ê¬Ú¬Û, ¬ã¬Ü¬à¬Ý¬î ¬Þ¬ß¬à¬Ô¬à ¬Ó¬í¬Õ¬Ñ¬ð¬ë¬Ú¬ç¬ã¬ñ ¬Ý¬Ú¬ä¬Ö¬â¬Ñ¬ä¬å¬â¬ß¬í¬ç ¬Ú¬Þ¬×¬ß ¬Õ¬Ó¬Ñ¬Õ¬è¬Ñ¬ä¬à¬Ô¬à ¬Ó¬Ö¬Ü¬Ñ ¬ß¬Ñ¬é¬Ú¬ß¬Ñ¬Ö¬ä¬ã¬ñ ¬ß¬Ñ ¬Ò¬å¬Ü¬Ó¬å ¡°¬Ò¡±, — ¬Ò¬í¬Ý ¬á¬Ý¬à¬ä¬ß¬í¬Û, ¬ä¬â¬Ú¬Õ¬è¬Ñ¬ä¬Ú¬Ý¬Ö¬ä¬ß¬Ú¬Û, ¬å¬Ø¬Ö ¬Ý¬í¬ã¬í¬Û ¬Þ¬å¬Ø¬é¬Ú¬ß¬Ñ ¬ã ¬à¬Ô¬â¬à¬Þ¬ß¬í¬Þ ¬Ý¬Ò¬à¬Þ, ¬Ô¬Ý¬å¬Ò¬à¬Ü¬Ú¬Þ¬Ú ¬Ô¬Ý¬Ñ¬Ù¬ß¬Ú¬è¬Ñ¬Þ¬Ú ¬Ú ¬Ü¬Ó¬Ñ¬Õ¬â¬Ñ¬ä¬ß¬í¬Þ ¬á¬à¬Õ¬Ò¬à¬â¬à¬Õ¬Ü¬à¬Þ. ¬°¬ß ¬Ü¬å¬â¬Ú¬Ý ¬ä¬â¬å¬Ò¬Ü¬å, — ¬ã¬Ú¬Ý¬î¬ß¬à ¬Ó¬Ò¬Ú¬â¬Ñ¬ñ ¬ë¬×¬Ü¬Ú ¬á¬â¬Ú ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ø¬Õ¬à¬Û ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ä¬ñ¬Ø¬Ü¬Ö, — ¬ß¬à¬ã¬Ú¬Ý ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬â¬í¬Û ¬é¬×¬â¬ß¬í¬Û ¬Ô¬Ñ¬Ý¬ã¬ä¬å¬Ü ¬Ò¬Ñ¬ß¬ä¬Ú¬Ü¬à¬Þ ¬Ú ¬ã¬é¬Ú¬ä¬Ñ¬Ý ¬®¬Ñ¬â¬ä¬í¬ß¬Ñ ¬æ¬â¬Ñ¬ß¬ä¬à¬Þ ¬Ú ¬Ö¬Ó¬â¬à¬á¬Ö¬Û¬è¬Ö¬Þ. ¬®¬Ñ¬â¬ä¬í¬ß¬Ñ ¬Ø¬Ö ¬á¬Ý¬Ö¬ß¬ñ¬Ý¬Ñ ¬Ö¬Ô¬à ¬ß¬Ñ¬á¬à¬â¬Ú¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬ñ ¬Ü¬â¬å¬Ô¬Ý¬Ñ¬ñ ¬â¬Ö¬é¬î ¬Ú ¬Ó¬á¬à¬Ý¬ß¬Ö ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ã¬Ý¬å¬Ø¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬Ñ¬ñ ¬á¬Ú¬ã¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ã¬Ü¬Ñ¬ñ ¬ã¬Ý¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ñ. ¬¯¬Ñ¬é¬Ñ¬Ó ¬á¬Ú¬ã¬Ñ¬ä¬î ¬å¬Ø¬Ö ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Ô¬â¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬è¬Ö¬Û, ¬¢¬å¬Ò¬ß¬à¬Ó ¬Ù¬Ñ ¬ä¬â¬Ú ¬Ô¬à¬Õ¬Ñ ¬Ó¬í¬á¬å¬ã¬ä¬Ú¬Ý ¬ä¬â¬Ú ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Ü¬â¬Ñ¬ã¬ß¬í¬ç ¬Ü¬ß¬Ú¬Ô¬Ú, ¬á¬Ú¬ã¬Ñ¬Ý ¬é¬Ö¬ä¬Ó¬×¬â¬ä¬å¬ð, ¬Ô¬Ö¬â¬à¬Ö¬Þ ¬Ö¬× ¬Ò¬í¬Ý ¬·¬â¬Ú¬ã¬ä¬à¬æ¬à¬â ¬¬¬à¬Ý¬å¬Þ¬Ò — ¬Ú¬Ý¬Ú, ¬ä¬à¬é¬ß¬Ö¬Ö, ¬â¬å¬ã¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬Û ¬Õ¬î¬ñ¬Ü, ¬é¬å¬Õ¬Ö¬ã¬ß¬à ¬á¬à¬á¬Ñ¬Ó¬ê¬Ú¬Û ¬Þ¬Ñ¬ä¬â¬à¬ã¬à¬Þ ¬ß¬Ñ ¬à¬Õ¬ß¬å ¬Ú¬Ù ¬¬¬à¬Ý¬å¬Þ¬Ò¬à¬Ó¬í¬ç ¬Ü¬Ñ¬â¬Ñ¬Ó¬Ö¬Ý¬Ý, — ¬Ñ ¬ä¬Ñ¬Ü ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬¢¬å¬Ò¬ß¬à¬Ó ¬ß¬Ö ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬Ý ¬ß¬Ú ¬à¬Õ¬ß¬à¬Ô¬à ¬ñ¬Ù¬í¬Ü¬Ñ, ¬Ü¬â¬à¬Þ¬Ö ¬â¬å¬ã¬ã¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬à, ¬ä¬à ¬Õ¬Ý¬ñ ¬ã¬à¬Ò¬Ú¬â¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬ñ ¬ß¬Ö¬Ü¬à¬ä¬à¬â¬í¬ç ¬Þ¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬â¬Ú¬Ñ¬Ý¬à¬Ó, ¬Ú¬Þ¬Ö¬Ó¬ê¬Ú¬ç¬ã¬ñ ¬Ó ¬¤¬à¬ã¬å¬Õ¬Ñ¬â¬ã¬ä¬Ó¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬à¬Û ¬Ò¬Ú¬Ò¬Ý¬Ú¬à¬ä¬Ö¬Ü¬Ö, ¬à¬ç¬à¬ä¬ß¬à ¬Ò¬â¬Ñ¬Ý ¬ã ¬ã¬à¬Ò¬à¬ð ¬®¬Ñ¬â¬ä¬í¬ß¬Ñ, ¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬Õ¬Ñ ¬ä¬à¬ä ¬Ò¬í¬Ó¬Ñ¬Ý ¬ã¬Ó¬à¬Ò¬à¬Õ¬Ö¬ß. ¬¯¬Ö¬Þ¬Ö¬è¬Ü¬Ú¬Þ ¬®¬Ñ¬â¬ä¬í¬ß ¬Ó¬Ý¬Ñ¬Õ¬Ö¬Ý ¬á¬Ý¬à¬ç¬à¬Ó¬Ñ¬ä¬à ¬Ú ¬á¬à¬ä¬à¬Þ¬å ¬â¬Ñ¬Õ¬à¬Ó¬Ñ¬Ý¬ã¬ñ, ¬Ö¬ã¬Ý¬Ú ¬ä¬Ö¬Ü¬ã¬ä ¬á¬à¬á¬Ñ¬Õ¬Ñ¬Ý¬ã¬ñ ¬æ¬â¬Ñ¬ß¬è¬å¬Ù¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬Û, ¬Ñ¬ß¬Ô¬Ý¬Ú¬Û¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬Û, ¬Ú¬Ý¬Ú — ¬Ö¬ë¬Ö ¬Ý¬å¬é¬ê¬Ö — ¬Ú¬ä¬Ñ¬Ý¬î¬ñ¬ß¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬Û: ¬ï¬ä¬à¬ä ¬ñ¬Ù¬í¬Ü ¬à¬ß ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬Ý, ¬á¬â¬Ñ¬Ó¬Õ¬Ñ, ¬Ö¬ë¬× ¬ç¬å¬Ø¬Ö ¬ß¬Ö¬Þ¬Ö¬è¬Ü¬à¬Ô¬à, ¬ß¬à ¬ß¬Ö¬Ò¬à¬Ý¬î¬ê¬à¬Ö ¬ã¬Ó¬à¬× ¬Ù¬ß¬Ñ¬ß¬Ú¬Ö ¬à¬ã¬à¬Ò¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬à ¬è¬Ö¬ß¬Ú¬Ý, ¬á¬Ñ¬Þ¬ñ¬ä¬å¬ñ, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬ã ¬Þ¬Ö¬Ý¬Ñ¬ß¬ç¬à¬Ý¬Ú¬é¬Ö¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬Þ ¬´¬ï¬Õ¬Õ¬Ú ¬á¬Ö¬â¬Ö¬Ó¬à¬Õ¬Ú¬Ý ¬¥¬Ñ¬ß¬ä¬Ö. (Chapter XXXIV)
There were compasses with compass roses on Columbus¡¯ caravels. In a heart-to-heart conversation with Martin (the main character in Podvig) Bubnov compares the pale skin of his beloved to precious porcelain:
¬³ ¬®¬Ñ¬â¬ä¬í¬ß¬à¬Þ, ¬Ü¬à¬ä¬à¬â¬í¬Û, ¬Ü¬â¬à¬Þ¬Ö ¬á¬Ú¬ã¬Ö¬Þ ¬Ü ¬Þ¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬â¬Ú, ¬ß¬Ú¬é¬Ö¬Ô¬à ¬ß¬Ö ¬á¬Ú¬ã¬Ñ¬Ý, (¬Ú ¬Ò¬í¬Ý ¬Ù¬Ñ ¬ï¬ä¬à ¬á¬â¬à¬Ù¬Ó¬Ñ¬ß ¬à¬Õ¬ß¬Ú¬Þ ¬à¬ã¬ä¬â¬à¬ã¬Ý¬à¬Ó¬à¬Þ ¡°¬ß¬Ñ¬ê¬Ñ ¬Þ¬Ñ¬Õ¬Ñ¬Þ ¬Õ¬Ö ¬³¬Ö¬Ó¬Ú¬ß¬î¬Ö¡±), ¬¢¬å¬Ò¬ß¬à¬Ó ¬Õ¬â¬å¬Ø¬Ú¬Ý ¬Ú¬ã¬Ü¬â¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬à ¬Ú ¬Ò¬Ö¬Ù¬Ò¬à¬ñ¬Ù¬ß¬Ö¬ß¬ß¬à, ¬Ú ¬â¬Ñ¬Ù ¬Õ¬Ñ¬Ø¬Ö, ¬á¬à¬ã¬Ý¬Ö ¬ä¬â¬Ö¬ä¬î¬Ö¬Û ¬Ü¬â¬å¬Ø¬Ü¬Ú ¬á¬Ú¬Ý¬î¬Ù¬ß¬Ö¬â¬Ñ, ¬Ó¬Ö¬ã¬î ¬ß¬Ñ¬Ý¬Ú¬ä¬à¬Û ¬ã¬Ó¬Ö¬ä¬Ý¬í¬Þ ¬á¬Ú¬Ó¬à¬Þ, ¬Ó¬Ö¬ã¬î ¬ä¬å¬Ô¬à¬Û ¬Ú ¬á¬â¬à¬Ù¬â¬Ñ¬é¬ß¬í¬Û, ¬Þ¬Ö¬é¬ä¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ß¬à ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Ô¬à¬Ó¬à¬â¬Ú¬Ý (¬Ú ¬ï¬ä¬à ¬ß¬Ñ¬á¬à¬Þ¬ß¬Ú¬Ý¬à ¬Á¬Û¬Ý¬å, ¬Ü¬à¬ã¬ä¬×¬â) ¬à ¬Õ¬Ö¬Ó¬å¬ê¬Ü¬Ö, ¬å ¬Ü¬à¬ä¬à¬â¬à¬Û ¬á¬à¬×¬ä ¬Õ¬å¬ê¬Ñ, ¬á¬à¬ð¬ä ¬Ô¬Ý¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ñ, ¬Ú ¬Ü¬à¬Ø¬Ñ ¬Ò¬Ý¬Ö¬Õ¬ß¬Ñ, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬Õ¬à¬â¬à¬Ô¬à¬Û ¬æ¬Ñ¬â¬æ¬à¬â, — ¬Ú ¬Ù¬Ñ¬ä¬Ö¬Þ ¬ã¬Ó¬Ú¬â¬Ö¬á¬à ¬Ô¬Ý¬ñ¬ß¬å¬Ý ¬ß¬Ñ ¬®¬Ñ¬â¬ä¬í¬ß¬Ñ ¬Ú ¬ã¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ù¬Ñ¬Ý: ¡°¬¥¬Ñ, ¬ï¬ä¬à ¬á¬à¬ê¬Ý¬à, ¬ã¬Ý¬Ñ¬Õ¬Ü¬à, ¬à¬ä¬Ó¬â¬Ñ¬ä¬Ú¬ä¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬ß¬à, ¬æ¬å... ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Ù¬Ú¬â¬Ñ¬Û ¬Þ¬Ö¬ß¬ñ, ¬á¬å¬ã¬Ü¬Ñ¬Û ¬ñ ¬Ò¬Ö¬Ù¬Õ¬Ñ¬â¬î, ¬ß¬à ¬ñ ¬Ö¬Ö ¬Ý¬ð¬Ò¬Ý¬ð. ¬¦¬× ¬Ú¬Þ¬ñ, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬Ü¬å¬á¬à¬Ý, ¬Ü¬Ñ¬Ü ¬ã¬Ó¬Ú¬ã¬ä ¬Ô¬à¬Ý¬å¬Ò¬Ú¬ß¬í¬ç ¬Ü¬â¬í¬Ý, ¬ñ ¬Ó¬Ú¬Ø¬å ¬ã¬Ó¬Ö¬ä ¬Ó ¬Ö¬× ¬Ú¬Þ¬Ö¬ß¬Ú, ¬à¬ã¬à¬Ò¬í¬Û ¬ã¬Ó¬Ö¬ä, ¡°¬Ü¬Ñ¬ß¬Ñ-¬Ú¬ß¬å¬Þ¡± ¬ã¬ä¬Ñ¬â¬í¬ç ¬ç¬Ñ¬Õ¬Ú¬â¬ã¬Ü¬Ú¬ç ¬Þ¬å¬Õ¬â¬Ö¬è¬à¬Ó, — ¬ã¬Ó¬Ö¬ä ¬à¬ä¬ä¬å¬Õ¬Ñ, ¬ã ¬Ó¬à¬ã¬ä¬à¬Ü¬Ñ, — ¬à, ¬ï¬ä¬à ¬Ò¬à¬Ý¬î¬ê¬Ñ¬ñ ¬ä¬Ñ¬Û¬ß¬Ñ, ¬ã¬ä¬â¬Ñ¬ê¬ß¬Ñ¬ñ ¬ä¬Ñ¬Û¬ß¬Ñ¡±; ¬Ú ¬å¬Ø¬Ö ¬Ú¬ã¬ä¬à¬ê¬ß¬í¬Þ ¬ê¬Ö¬á¬à¬ä¬à¬Þ: ¡°¬¨¬Ö¬ß¬ã¬Ü¬Ñ¬ñ ¬á¬â¬Ö¬Ý¬Ö¬ã¬ä¬î ¬ã¬ä¬â¬Ñ¬ê¬ß¬Ñ, — ¬ä¬í ¬á¬à¬ß¬Ú¬Þ¬Ñ¬Ö¬ê¬î ¬Þ¬Ö¬ß¬ñ, — ¬ã¬ä¬â¬Ñ¬ê¬ß¬Ñ. ¬ª ¬ä¬å¬æ¬Ö¬Ý¬î¬Ü¬Ú ¬å ¬ß¬Ö¬× ¬ã¬ä¬à¬á¬ä¬Ñ¬ß¬í, ¬ã¬ä¬à¬á¬ä¬Ñ¬ß¬í...¡± (ibid.)
Bubnov tells Martin that he can see light in the name of his sweetheart and compares her name to a cupola (¡°her name is like a cupola, like rustling of the pigeons¡¯ wings¡±). Martin does not realize that Bubnov¡¯s girlfriend is Sonya Zilanov (with whom Martin is hopelessly in love and whose name reminds Bubnov of Hagia Sophia, a Greek Orthodox basilica in Constantinople). Treacherous Sonya gives away to Bubnov the secret of Zoorland, a totalitarian country that she invented with Martin. A distant northern land, Kinbote¡¯s Zembla has a lot in common with Martin¡¯s and Sonya¡¯s Zoorland.
Sonya Zilanov has the same first name as Martin¡¯s mother, Sofia Dmitrievna. Like Hamlet¡¯s mother, Sofia Dmitrievna marries her late husband¡¯s brother. In his famous monologue in Shakespeare¡¯s play (3.1) Hamlet mentions a bare bodkin. In his Index to Pale Fire (entry on Botkin, V.) Kinbote mentions ¡°botkin or bodkin, a Danish stiletto:¡±
Botkin, V., American scholar of Russian descent, 894; king-bot, maggot of extinct fly that once bred in mammoths and is thought to have hastened their phylogenetic end, 247; bottekin-maker, 71; bot, plop, and boteliy, big-bellied (Russ.); botkin or bodkin, a Danish stiletto.
Just as Shade, Kinbote and Gradus seem to represent three different aspects of Botkin¡¯s personality, Queen Disa (the wife of Charles the Beloved) and Sybil Shade (John Shade¡¯s wife) are one and the same person. Her ¡°real¡± name seems to be Sofia Botkin (born Lastochkin). According to Kinbote (the author of a book on surnames), Botkin is the one who makes bottekins (fancy footwear). As he speaks to Martin, Bubnov mentions his sweetheart¡¯s worn-down slippers. According to Bubnov, the female beauty is terrifying.
In my previous post (¡°Shade's, Kinbote's & Gradus' birthday in Pale Fire; Lolita's birthday in Lolita¡±) I forgot to point out that Dostoevski died in 1881, a month before the assassination of Alexander II. The tsar Alexander II (1817-1881) was almost sixty-four at the moment of assassination. On July 5, 1979, Gradus (Shade¡¯s murderer) and Kinbote would be sixty-four and Shade, eighty-one:
The Helman brothers said they had assisted in the negotiations for the placement of a sizable note: ¡°$11,000,000, Decker Glass Manufacturing Company, Inc., note due July 1, 1979,¡± and Gradus, grown young again, reread this twice, with the background gray thought, perhaps, that he would be sixty-four four days after that (no comment). (note to Line 949)
The tsar Paul I was assassinated on March 11, 1801. The assassination took place in the Mikhaylovski Castle that later housed the Military Engineer School whose student Dostoevski was. Btw., Dostoevski somewhere (in ¡°The Adolescent¡±?) quotes the famous first line of Lomonosov¡¯s Pis¡¯mo o pol¡¯ze stekla (¡°Letter on the Use of Glass,¡± 1752), Nepravo o veshchakh te dumayut, Shuvalov... (Shuvalov, they think wrongly about things¡¦)
Alexey Sklyarenko