Скaжи, когдa в другое время
литерaтурa, сколько-нибудь опрятнaя, позволилa бы себе остaновиться нa мысли,
что жизнь есть непрерывнaя игрa в бирюльки, и кто больше бирюлек вытaщит, тот
больше и зaслужит перед любезным отечеством! "Нaше время - не время широких
зaдaч"! И это говорится в тaкую минуту, когдa ни широким, ни кaким зaдaчaм
доступa в литерaтуру нет!
One of the greatest Russian satirists,
Saltykov-Shchedrin is the author of Blagonamerennye rechi ("The
Well-Meaning Talks," 1872-76). They bring to mind 'minirechi' ('talking
minarets')* in Ada:
Van regretted that because Lettrocalamity (Vanvitelli’s old joke!) was
banned all over the world, its very name having become a ‘dirty word’ among
upper-upper-class families (in the British and Brazilian sense) to which the
Veens and Durmanovs happened to belong, and had been replaced by elaborate
surrogates only in those very important ‘utilities’ — telephones, motors — what
else? — well a number of gadgets for which plain folks hanker with lolling
tongues, breathing faster than gundogs (for it’s quite a long sentence), such
trifles as tape recorders, the favorite toys of his and Ada’s grandsires (Prince
Zemski had one for every bed of his harem of schoolgirls) were not manufactured
any more, except in Tartary where they had evolved ‘minirechi’ (‘talking minarets’) of a
secret make. (1.24)
and Blagonaemerennyi (The Well-Meaner), a monthly,
then a weekly, magazine (1818-27) edited by Aleksandr Izmaylov
(1779-1831), the poet and critic, target of Pushkin's
epigram Ex Ungue Leonem (1825).
Pushkin's line from Eugene Onegin (Three:
XXVII: 4), s Blagonamerennym v rukakh ("The Well-Meaner in their
hands") was given an obscene twist (blagonamerennyi fallos) by its
author and his friends in their private correspondence. As VN points out in his
EO Commentary (II, p. 377), the joke was started by Vyazemski in a letter to
Pushkin of July 26, 1828:
Но всего лучше то, qu'il
entend malice à votre vers:
С благонамеренным в
руках
и полагает,
что ты суёшь в руки дамские то, что у нас между ног. Я сказал ему, что передам
тебе этот комментарий и уверен, что ты полюбишь семейство Сонцевых за догадку
двоюродного брата. А название благонамеренный великолепное. К
стати, что делает благонамеренный у Junior? У этого
Бекетова есть сестра Золотарёва, баба молодец, с рожи похожая на Сонцева,
все главы Онегина знает наизусть и представляла мне в лицах, как Сонцева
жаловалась ей на тебя за стихи Жил да был петух Индейский и заставляла
Алину на распев их читать. Ты прыгал бы и катался от
смеха.
Alina (Princess Aleksandra Petrovna Volkonski, m.
Durnovo, 1804-59) who was asked to recite Baratynski's and Sobolevski's poem
Once upon a Time a Turkey (ascribed by Vyazemski to Pushkin and
published in 1831, in Voeykov's Russkiy invalid, no. 6, lit. suppl.,
under the title "A True Story," Byl', and over the signature
"Stalinski")** is a namesake of Princess Alina, Praskovia Larin's maiden
cousin in EO. The Russian form of the French Aline, Alina brings to mind
the girl in Ah, cette Line (the title that seems to hint not
only at acetylene, but also at a line in Blok's poem The Commander’s Footsteps, 1912:
Chyornyi, tikhiy, kak sova,
motor)***
Telephones, motors and minirechi bring
to mind telegraph. In a letter of July 1, 1828, to M. P. Pogodin (1800-75,
the historian mentioned by Saltykov in the Editorial Foreword to "The History of
One City," 1870) Pushkin asks the editor of Moskovskiy vestnik
(Moscow Herald) if he explained to Telegraph (Nikolay Polevoy who edited
Moskovskiy telegraf) that he, Telegraph, was a fool
(durak):
Растолковали ли
Вы Телеграфу, что он дурак? Ксенофонт Телеграф, в бытность свою в С.-Петербурге, со мною в том было согласился
(но сие да будет между нами; Телеграф добрый и честный человек, и с ним я
ссориться не хочу).
Because electricity ("Lettrocalamity") is
banned all over the Antiterra, "telegraph" is an indecent word
there:
'Incidentally,' observed Marina, 'I hope dear
Ida will not object to our making him not only a poet, but a ballet dancer.
Pedro could do that beautifully, but he can't be made to recite French
poetry.'
'If she protests,' said Vronsky, 'she can go and
stick a telegraph pole - where it belongs.'
The indecent 'telegraph' caused Marina, who had
a secret fondness for salty jokes, to collapse in Ada-like ripples of rolling
laughter (pokativshis' so smehu vrode Adï): 'But let's be serious, I
still don't see how and why his wife - I mean the second guy's wife - accepts
the situation (polozhenie).'
Vronsky spread his fingers and
toes.
'Prichyom tut polozhenie
(situation-shituation)? She is blissfully ignorant of their affair and besides,
she knows she is fubsy and frumpy, and simply cannot compete with dashing
Hélène.' (1.32)
The Kazakh word for "telegraph" is
uzun-kulak ("long ear," see Ilf and Petrov's "The Golden Calf," 1931).
Pushkin's epigram Ex Ungue Leonem ends in the lines:
Он по когтям узнал меня в минуту,
Я по ушам узнал его как
раз.
He [the critic] recognized me in a
moment by my claws,
I at once recognized him by
his ears.
Kulak is Russian for "fist." But it also
means "rich peasant" (kulak), "stingy person" (Chichikov mentally calls
Sobakevich "kulak") and "middleman" (maklak). Koulak tasmanien is
mentioned in Ada:
'Actually,' observed Lucette, wiping the long envelope
which a drop of soda had stained, 'Bergson is only for very young people or very
unhappy people, such as this available rousse.'
'Spotting Bergson,' said the assistant lecher, 'rates a
B minus dans ton petit cas, hardly more. Or shall I reward you with a
kiss on your krestik - whatever that is?'
Wincing and rearranging his legs, our young Vandemonian
cursed under his breath the condition in which the image of the four embers of a
vixen's cross had now solidly put him. One of the synonyms of 'condition' is
'state,' and the adjective 'human' may be construed as 'manly' (since L'Humanité
means 'Mankind'!), and that's how, my dears, Lowden recently translated the
title of the malheureux Pompier's cheap novel La Condition
Humaine, wherein, incidentally, the term 'Vandemonian' is hilariously
glossed as 'Koulak tasmanien d'origine hollandaise.' (2.5)
Krestik (not quite "little cross" as Van believes) is
one of Ada's tender-turret words.
Georgiy Ivanov's well-known poem begins:
Emalevyi krestik v
petlitse...
A tiny enamel cross in the tab [of Prince
Alexey's uniform]...
In VN's story Lips to Lips (1931) Ivanov is
satirized as Galatov, the editor of Arion. Galatov's friend
is the corrupt jounalist Euphratski, who also uses the penname Tigrin (cf.
horror tigris experienced by the patient in "What Everybody Should
Know?"). The Tigris-Euphrates valley and Mesopotamia are mentioned in
Ada:
The alcohol his vigorous system had
already imbibed was instrumental, as usual, in reopening what he gallicistically
called condemned doors, and now as he gaped involuntarily as all men do while
spreading a napkin, he considered Marina's pretentious ciel-étoilé
hairdress and tried to realize (in the rare full sense of the word), tried to
possess the reality of a fact by forcing it into the sensuous center, that here
was a woman whom he had intolerably loved, who had loved him hysterically and
skittishly, who insisted they make love on rugs and cushions laid on the floor
('as respectable people do in the Tigris-Euphrates valley'), who would woosh
down fluffy slopes on a bobsleigh a fortnight after parturition, or arrive by
the Orient Express with five trunks, Dack's grandsire, and a maid, to Dr Stella
Ospenko's ospedale where he was recovering from a scratch received in a
sword duel (and still visible as a white weal under his eighth rib after a lapse
of nearly seventeen years). (1.38)
'When I was a little girl,' said Marina crossly,
'Mesopotamian history was taught practically in the nursery.'
'Not all little girls can learn what they are
taught,' observed Ada.
'Are we Mesopotamians?' asked
Lucette.
'We are Hippopotamians,' said Van. 'Come,' he
added, 'we have not yet ploughed today.' (1.14)
Arion (1827) is a famous poem by Pushkin. On the
other hand, in a letter of about/not later than October 11, 1835, to Pletnyov
Pushkin proposes Arion as a name of a new monthly ("I love meaningless
names; there is nothing jokes could aim at"):
Ты требуешь имени для альманака: назовём его
Арион или Орион; я люблю имена, не имеющие смысла; шуточкам привязаться не к
чему.
Pushkin's literary review was eventually named
Sovremennik (The Contemporary). After Nekrasov's death (in 1877)
Saltykov-Shchedrin was the sole editor-in-chief of Otechestvennye
zapiski (Annals of the Fatherland). Many of Sirin's novels and stories
initially appeared in the Paris literary review Sovremennye
zapiski (The Contemporary Annals).
Marina became pregnant with her first child (Van) after
Demon's sword duel with d'Onsky:
Marina arrived in Nice a few days after
the duel, and tracked Demon down in his villa Armina, and in the ecstasy of
reconciliation neither remembered to dupe procreation, whereupon started the
extremely interesnoe polozhenie ('interesting condition') without
which, in fact, these anguished notes could not have been strung.
(1.2)
Polozhenie and, especially, interesnoe
polozhenie means "pregnancy" (hence Vronsky's surprise when Marina mentions
polozhenie).
*in George Orwell's 1984 "miniluv" (Newspeak) is the
ministry of love
**according to Pushkin (1936), pp. 522-24,
Letopisi gosudarstvennogo literaturnogo muzeya I (EO Commentary, III,
p. 273, n.)
***A black car, silent as an owl (see Boyd's
"Annotations to Ada" and my "Annotations to Ada's
Scrabble Game" in an old issue of The
Nabokovian)
Alexey Sklyarenko