ON March 2012 [
http://www.bookslut.com/features/2012_03_018834.php.] a
curious connection between Kinbote and Shakespeare's tragedy "King Lear"
has been elaborated by Kevin Frazier [ "
Star-Crossed William
Shakespeare and Vladimir Nabokov" Pale Fire: Between Timon and
Lear. Features (p.4)
I had been looking forward to a novel approach to incest (Lawrence
Olivier's final scenes with doomed Cordelia, for instance, or Jane Smiley's
adaptation in "A Thousand Acres," or fuzzy insinutations in "Ada"*), but here we
are treated to historical considerations that carry us from Lear
to very real Kerenski, revolutions and assassination to end up
in.Timon and thievery.
According to Kevin Frazier, "Nabokov gives us a premonition
of Pale Fire and of Kinbote’s link to Lear"in "a 1941 lecture at Stanford,
when Nabokov invites the audience to "imagine someone apparently
unexceptional: 'you happen to meet socially a person of perfectly normal aspect,
good-natured although a little seedy, pleasant though something of a bore.' Then
you find out that several years ago he was 'placed by force of circumstance at
the head of some great revolution in a remote, almost legendary country, and
that a new force of circumstance had soon banished him to your part of the world
where he lingers on as the mere ghost of his past glory.[ ]
Immediately, the very things about the man that had just seemed to you humdrum
(indeed, the very normality of his aspect) now strike you as the very features
of tragedy."[ ] Kevin Frazier adds: "Much of Nabokov’s audience at
the time would have understood that the modern Lear he had in mind was Alexander
Kerensky. Kerensky’s life and Nabokov’s were intertwined[ ] Kinbote’s
dubious history as a deposed leader banished to America, 'where he lingers on as
the mere ghost of his past glory' as a university professor, was partly an
outgrowth of Nabokov’s earlier stylization of Kerensky. Since at least 1941,
Kerensky had been in Nabokov’s thoughts as a potential Lear figure.[
] Kerensky’s resemblance to Lear is much greater than Kinbote’s is. Really,
Kerensky is to Kinbote as Lear is to Timon. Timon is, famously, Lear’s lesser
echo. He’s Lear shrunk to a shriller, shabbier misanthropy. He’s also the main
character in a play that poses many of the same textual and authorship issues
that Pale Fire poses. We still argue about the degree of Shakespeare’s
participation in Timon, and we still worry about the corruption of the text,
which seems to be unfinished. And while Lear clings to Nabokov’s conception of
Pale Fire, still Timon is the source of the novel’s title. [
] But Timon doesn’t place the emphasis on the reflection. He places it on
the thievery. “The earth’s a thief / That feeds and breeds by a composture
stol’n / From gen’ral excrement.” The theft is inescapable, innate. “Each
thing’s a thief. / The laws, your curb and whip, in their rough power / Has
unchecked theft.” Our relationships with others are theft, and anything we steal
will be stolen in turn. “Love not yourselves; away, / Rob one another. There’s
more gold; cut throats, / All that you meet are thieves. To Athens go, / Break
open shops; nothing can you steal / But thieves do lose.”
But what’s the
thievery in Pale Fire? Is Kinbote stealing from Shade? Is Shade stealing from
Kinbote? Shade’s poem might really be Kinbote’s poem. Kinbote’s commentary on
the poem might actually have been written by Shade.... "
Well, that's the gist of it. I searched through PF but, although there is a
direct reference to King Lear**, it didn't carry me very far. The approach
I was looking for would pass through Freud's "The Theme of the Three Caskets",
the importance of counting three in fairy-tales (equally marked by VN) and the
difficulty of aging gracefully and wisely (I now have TOoL in
mind...)
.................................................................................................
* -
"‘We played mostly Scrabble and Snap,’ said Van. ‘Is the needy
friend also in my age group?’
.‘She’s a budding Duse,’ replied Demon austerely, ‘and the party
is strictly a "prof push." You’ll stick to Cordula de Prey, I, to Cordelia
O’Leary.’ "
** -
"The
subject of teaching Shakespeare at college level having been introduced: "First
of all, dismiss ideas, and social background, and train the freshman to shiver,
to get drunk on the poetry of Hamlet
or Lear, to read with his spine and
not with his skull." Kinbote: "You appreciate particularly the purple passages?"
Shade: "Yes, my dear Charles, I roll upon them as a grateful mongrel on a spot
of turf fouled by a Great Dane."