Another Post-Scriptum to: "I got the impression
that in his essay on translating EO, Nabokov states that poems
can only remain alive in their original language ... In that sense
would translations only become the projected shadows of a "real thing"
in Nabokov's eyes?"
When a line is taken out of its context (this time it was thanks to
Kinbote's quote from a Shade variant in PF), a sea of different associations
rushes in*. These have carried me onto a different swell of rhyme and
reason in connection to poetic translations in general and at an
impossible distance from a platonic "real thing."#
Kinbote's famous equivocations concerning Shade's Shakesperean title
begin in note to lines 39-40 ["Was close my eyes to
reproduce the leaves,/Or indoor scene, or trophies of the eaves."] when
he notes that these "lines are represented in the drafts by
a variant reading: 39 .............and home
would haste my thieves,/40 The sun with stolen ice, the moon with
leaves." when he links this variant to a passage in "Timon of
Athens" before he explains that, since he has "no
library in the desolate log cabin where I live" his quick citation must
derive from a retranslation of "this passage into
English prose from a Zemblan poetical version of Timon which, I hope,
sufficiently approximates the text, or is at least faithful to its
spirit." He also recommends that for "a prudent
appraisal of Conmal’s translations of Shakespeare’s works, see note to line
962." although he is the main "distortionist." Isolated
Kinbote has access to Conmal's rendering of the poem in Zemblan
and he chooses to reconvert it in English although the reader mustn't
consider his citation as a new poetic version of WS's Timon
but as an example of prose! ( what a convoluted way to
express views on how to translate poetry. Note the indirect reference
to his childhood's German/Zemblan in his choice of "she" for the sun, "he"
for the moon and "it" for the sea):
"The sun
is a thief: she lures the sea
and robs it. The moon is a thief:
he steals
his silvery light from the sun.
The sea is a thief: it dissolves the
moon."
The lines over which Kinbote muses also offer a repetition of
words related to Shade's palpebral screens: "For whatever in my field of vision dwelt - /An indoor scene,
hickory leaves, the.../... frozen stillicide —/Was printed on my
eyelids’ nether side/... all I had to do/ Was close my eyes to reproduce the
leaves,/ Or indoor scene, or trophies of the eaves." which, I suppose, are related to the
clear echoes or simplistic duplications found in
every translation of a poem.
Kinbote starts his note to line 962 ( Help me, Will. Pale
Fire).offering a paraphrase of Shade's line. However he wonders about "which of the Bard’s works did our poet cull it? ...All I have with
me is a tiny vest pocket edition of Timon of Athens**
— in Zemblan! It certainly contains nothing that could be regarded as an
equivalent of "pale fire" (if it had, my luck would have been a statistical
monster)." For Kinbote "It is easy to sneer at
Conmal’s faults...Writers should see the world, pluck its figs and peaches, and
not keep constantly meditating in a tower of yellow ivory..." and I
remember that Nabokov and Edmund Wilson once discussed how familiar Pushkin
had been with Byron's original poems. Here we find Kinbote saying
that "no English author was available in Zemblan except
Jane de Faun...and some fragments of Byron translated from French
versions.[...]English being Conmal’s prerogative, his Shakspere remained
invulnerable...few dared question its fidelity... "
Conmal's reply to an
academician's criticism states that "I am
not slave! Let be my critic slave....I work with Master on the
architrave!" and offers glimpses into PF creator's
opinions about translation and poetic freedom ( ie: about those who
cannot become slaves to literalness or to rhyme).
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
# - Perhaps Nabokov, in "Pale Fire," has been deliberately turning his
readers away from a "literary Real Thing" not only by bringing in an
unreliable commentator. He is creating reproductions that have been
extracted from copied copies, rather like the very
actual artist Thomas Demande in his evaluation of truth and historical
fact (or the antiquated S. Freud in "Constructions in
Analysis").
* - Kinbote's variant lines have sun and moon acting
like a pair of thieves who hold onto disparate items (stolen ice,
random leaves), when he seems to suggest that Shade has missed the
cyclical succession of borrowings... I confess that a
disparate image has also occurred to me but, apart from a vague
sound and rythm added to Shade's dislodged "home" and a reference
to the two poets involved (Robert Louis Stevenson's "Requiem" and
Housman's homage to him) in my association, I find no real link to VN's novel.
Anyway, here it is:
"...and home would haste my thieves "
- "Home is the sailor, home from the sea"
** - CK's vest pocket edition of Timon of Athens must be the same
that we find in note to line 130, when young Charles,
who was looking for a "toy circus," finds a misplaced "thirty-twomo edition of Timon of Athens translated into Zemblan by
his uncle Conmal." A marvel of poetic compression, no?